一、威妥玛拼音方案和汉语拼音方案对比
剑桥大学汉语教授威妥玛（T. F. Wade，1818—1895）在华任职期间，为方便外国人（主要是使用英语的人）学习和掌握汉语，由他根据北京读书音制订的拉丁字母拼音方案给汉字注音。这个方案以后被普遍 用来拼写中国的人名、地名等，一般称为威妥玛拼音。
1958年2月11日，全国人大批准颁布《中文拼音方案》后，威妥玛拼音停止使用；
1958年2月11日，全国人大批准颁布《中文拼音方案》，这是中国人自己按照科学的语音学原理制定的专门拼写标准普通话的方案；
1979年起，联合国决定采用《中文拼音方案》作为在各种拉丁字母文字中中国人名、地名的标准；
1981年8月，国际标准化组织通过决议，规定把《中文拼音方案》作为文献工作中拼写有关中国的名称、词语的国际标准。
1997年美国国会图书馆采用汉语拼音方案。
二、中文姓名音译说明
外文资料中文姓名音译通常采用的是威妥玛拼音，但是有些音译并不规范，已形成了一些习惯用法。如：孔子 konfucius，孙中山 sun yat-sen，毛泽东 MaoZedong，蔣介石Chiang Kai-shek。
三、威妥玛拼音和汉语拼音对照表
|
Wade-Giles / 韦氏拼音 |
Pinyin / 汉语拼音 |
Wade-Giles / 韦氏拼音 |
Pinyin / 汉语拼音 |
|
a |
a |
mi |
mi |
|
ai |
ai |
miao |
miao |
|
an |
an |
mieh |
mie |
|
ang |
ang |
mien |
mian |
|
ao |
ao |
min |
min |
|
cha |
zha |
ming |
ming |
|
ch’a |
cha |
miu |
miu |
|
chai |
zhai |
mo |
mo |
|
ch’ai |
chai |
mou |
mou |
|
chan |
zhan |
mu |
mu |
|
ch’an |
chan |
na |
na |
|
chang |
zhang |
nai |
nai |
|
ch’ang |
chang |
nan |
nan |
|
chao |
zhao |
nang |
nang |
|
ch’ao |
chao |
nao |
nao |
|
che |
zhe |
nei |
nei |
|
ch’e |
che |
nen |
nen |
|
chen |
zhen |
neng |
neng |
|
ch’en |
zhen |
ni |
ni |
|
cheng |
zheng |
niang |
niang |
|
ch’eng |
cheng |
niao |
niao |
|
chi |
ji |
nieh |
nie |
|
ch’i |
qi |
nien |
nian |
|
chia |
jia |
nin |
nin |
|
ch’ia |
qia |
ning |
ning |
|
chiang |
jiang |
niu |
niu |
|
ch’iang |
qiang |
no |
nuo |
|
chiao |
jiao |
nu |
nu |
|
ch’iao |
qiao |
nuan |
nuan |
|
chieh |
jie |
nung |
nong |
|
ch’ieh |
qie |
nü |
nü |
|
chien |
jian |
nüeh |
nüe |
|
ch’ien |
qian |
o |
e |
|
chih |
zhi |
ou |
ou |
|
ch’ih |
chi |
pa |
ba |
|
chin |
jin |
p’a |
pa |
|
ch’in |
qin |
pai |
bai |
|
ching |
jing |
p’ai |
pai |
|
ch’ing |
qing |
pan |
ban |
|
chiu |
jiu |
p’an |
pan |
|
ch’iu |
qiu |
pang |
bang |
|
chiung |
jiong |
p’ang |
pang |
|
ch’iung |
qiong |
pao |
bao |
|
cho |
zhuo |
p’ao |
pao |
|
ch’o |
chuo |
pei |
bei |
|
chou |
zhou |
p’ei |
pei |
|
ch’ou |
chou |
pen |
ben |
|
chu |
zhu |
p’en |
pen |
|
ch’u |
chu |
peng |
beng |
|
chua |
zhua |
p’eng |
peng |
|
chuai |
zhuai |
pi |
bi |
|
ch’uai |
chuai |
p’i |
pi |
|
chuan |
zhuan |
piao |
biao |
|
ch’uan |
chuan |
p’iao |
piao |
|
chuang |
zhuang |
pieh |
bie |
|
ch’uang |
chuang |
p’ieh |
pie |
|
chui |
zhui |
pien |
bian |
|
ch’ui |
chui |
p’ien |
pian |
|
chun |
zhun |
pin |
bin |
|
ch’un |
chun |
p’in |
pin |
|
chung |
zhong |
ping |
bing |
|
ch’ung |
chong |
p’ing |
ping |
|
chü |
ju |
po |
bo |
|
ch’ü |
qu |
p’o |
po |
|
chüan |
juan |
pou |
ou |
|
ch’üan |
quan |
pu |
bu |
|
chüeh |
jue |
p’u |
pu |
|
ch’üeh |
que |
sa |
sa |
|
chün |
jun |
sai |
sai |
|
ch’ün |
qun |
san |
san |
|
en |
en |
sang |
sang |
|
erh |
er |
sao |
sao |
|
fa |
fa |
se |
se |
|
fan |
fan |
sen |
sen |
|
fang |
fang |
seng |
seng |
|
fei |
fei |
sha |
sha |
|
fen |
fen |
shai |
shai |
|
feng |
feng |
shan |
shan |
|
fo |
fo |
shang |
shang |
|
fou |
fou |
shao |
shao |
|
fu |
fu |
she |
she |
|
ha |
ha |
shen |
shen |
|
hai |
hai |
sheng |
sheng |
|
han |
han |
shih |
shi |
|
hang |
hang |
shou |
shou |
|
hao |
hao |
shu |
shu |
|
hei |
hei |
shua |
shua |
|
hen |
hen |
shuai |
shuai |
|
heng |
heng |
shuan |
shuan |
|
ho |
he |
shuang |
shuang |
|
hou |
hou |
shui |
shui |
|
hsi |
xi |
shun |
shun |
|
hsia |
xia |
shuo |
shuo |
|
hsiang |
xiang |
so |
suo |
|
hsiao |
xiao |
sou |
sou |
|
hsieh |
xie |
ssu |
si |
|
hsien |
xian |
su |
su |
|
hsin |
xin |
suan |
suan |
|
hsing |
|
sui |
sui |
|
hsiu |
xiu |
sun |
sun |
|
hsiung |
xiong |
sung |
song |
|
hsü |
xu |
szu |
si |
|
hsüan |
xuan |
ta |
da |
|
hsüeh |
xue |
t’a |
ta |
|
hsün |
xun |
tai |
dai |
|
hu |
hu |
t’ai |
tai |
|
hua |
hua |
tan |
dan |
|
huai |
huai |
t’an |
tan |
|
huan |
huan |
tang |
dang |
|
huang |
huang |
t’ang |
tang |
|
hui |
hui |
tao |
dao |
|
hun |
hun |
t’ao |
tao |
|
hung |
hong |
te |
de |
|
huo |
huo |
t’e |
te |
|
i |
yi |
teng |
deng |
|
jan |
ran |
t’eng |
teng |
|
jang |
rang |
ti |
di |
|
jao |
rao |
t’i |
ti |
|
je |
re |
tiao |
diao |
|
jen |
ren |
t’iao |
tiao |
|
jeng |
reng |
tieh |
die |
|
jih |
ri |
t’ieh |
tie |
|
jo |
ruo |
tien |
dian |
|
jou |
rou |
t’ien |
tian |
|
ju |
ru |
ting |
ding |
|
juan |
ruan |
t’ing |
ting |
|
jui |
rui |
tiu |
diu |
|
jun |
run |
to |
duo |
|
jung |
rong |
t’o |
tuo |
|
ka |
ga |
tou |
dou |
|
k’a |
ka |
t’ou |
tou |
|
kai |
gai |
tu |
du |
|
k’ai |
kai |
t’u |
tu |
|
kan |
gan |
tuan |
duan |
|
k’an |
kan |
t’uan |
tuan |
|
kang |
gang |
tui |
dui |
|
k’ang |
kang |
t’ui |
tui |
|
kao |
gao |
tun |
dun |
|
k’ao |
kao |
t’un |
tun |
|
kei |
gei |
tung |
dong |
|
ken |
gen |
t’ung |
tong |
|
k’en |
ken |
tzu |
zi |
|
keng |
geng |
tz’u |
ci |
|
k’eng |
keng |
tsa |
za |
|
ko |
ge |
ts’a |
ca |
|
k’o |
ke |
tsai |
zai |
|
kou |
gou |
ts’ai |
cai |
|
k’ou |
kou |
tsan |
zan |
|
ku |
gu |
ts’an |
can |
|
k’u |
ku |
tsang |
zang |
|
kua |
gua |
ts’ang |
cang |
|
k’ua |
kua |
tsao |
zao |
|
kuai |
guai |
ts’ao |
cao |
|
k’uai |
kuai |
tse |
ze |
|
kuan |
guan |
ts’e |
ce |
|
k’uan |
kuan |
tsei |
zei |
|
kuang |
guang |
tsen |
zen |
|
k’uang |
kuang |
ts’en |
cen |
|
kuei |
gui |
tseng |
zeng |
|
k’uei |
kui |
ts’eng |
ceng |
|
kun |
gun |
tso |
zuo |
|
k’un |
kun |
ts’o |
cuo |
|
kung |
gong |
tsou |
zou |
|
k’ung |
kong |
ts’ou |
cou |
|
kuo |
guo |
tsu |
zu |
|
k’uo |
kuo |
ts’u |
cu |
|
la |
la |
tsuan |
zuan |
|
lai |
lai |
ts’uan |
cuan |
|
lan |
lan |
tsui |
zui |
|
lang |
lang |
ts’ui |
cui |
|
lao |
lao |
tsun |
zun |
|
le |
le |
ts’un |
cun |
|
lei |
lei |
tsung |
zong |
|
leng |
leng |
ts’ung |
cong |
|
li |
li |
wa |
wa |
|
liang |
liang |
wai |
wai |
|
liao |
liao |
wan |
wan |
|
lieh |
lie |
wang |
wang |
|
lien |
lian |
wei |
wei |
|
lin |
lin |
wen |
wen |
|
ling |
ling |
weng |
weng |
|
liu |
liu |
wo |
wo |
|
lo |
luo |
wu |
wu |
|
lou |
lou |
ya |
ya |
|
lu |
lu |
yai |
yai |
|
luan |
luan |
yang |
yang |
|
lun |
lun |
yao |
yao |
|
lung |
long |
yeh |
ye |
|
lü |
lü |
yen |
yan |
|
lüan |
luan |
yin |
yin |
|
lüeh |
lüe |
ying |
ying |
|
ma |
ma |
yo |
yo |
|
mai |
mai |
yu |
you |
|
man |
man |
yung |
yong |
|
mang |
mang |
yü |
yu |
|
mao |
mao |
yan |
yuan |
|
mei |
mei |
yüeh |
yue |
|
men |
men |
yün |
yun |
|
meng |
meng |
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