考研必备！新东方考研英语词汇，绝密资料

新东方绝密考研资料：考研必备词组

abide by忠于；遵守（法律、承诺）

同义替换：

be faithful to , obey

abide 原始涵义：

Vt.忍受；屈从于 I am unwilling to abide the decision of the court.我不愿意服从法庭的裁决。

vi.等候；继续下去，继续存在 Though many features were abiding, the changes were much felt.尽管许多特征依然存在，仍可感到发生了各种变化。

真题重现：

Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and abide by the same federal laws.加利福尼亚人和新英格兰人讲同一种语言，并遵守同样的联邦法律。(1992年完形)

造句：

I abide by\obey\am faithful to what I said.

我遵守诺言。

be absent from…. 缺席，不在，没到场、没参加

同义替换：

default

absent原始涵义：

adj.缺席的, 不在场的 At times he would be absent for a couple of days.他有时会离开几天。

心不在焉的, 恍惚的 He listened with an absent air and kept glancing at the door.他一副心不在焉的样子听着, 不时地瞥一眼门。

Vi缺席，不在

造句：

I will be absent from work tomorrow.

我明天不上班

absence of mind心不在焉

同义替换：

being absent-minded

absence 原始涵义：

缺席，不在 Iwant to ask for leave of absence for several days. 我想请几天假。

缺乏，不存在 In the absence of anybody more experienced, I took command. 由于找不到其他更有经验的人，只好由我来指挥。

造句：

Frequently absence of mind in the class made him fail in the exam.

经常在课上心不在焉使他考试不及格。

be absorbed in 全神贯注于…

同义替换：

be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on

absorb原始涵义：

吸收 A sponge absorbs water. 海绵吸水;

吸引…的注意力，使全神贯注；占去（注意力、时间等）The game absorbed the boy completely. 这男孩完全被游戏吸引住了。

造句：

Mary was absorbed in thought.

玛丽在沉思。

(be) abundant in富于,富有

同义替换：

be rich in; be well supplied with

abundant 原始涵义：

adj. 大量的，充足的 Children under five have abundant energy partly because they take one or two naps daily.五岁以下的孩子精力充沛，部分原因在于他们每天打一两次盹。

造句：

There is a river abundant in fish in my hometown.

在我的家乡有一条盛产鱼的河流。

access(to)

同义替换：entry

access原始涵义：

(不可数名词) 能接近，进入，了解We have free access to the library’s scientific literature. 我们有免费使用图书馆科学文献的机会。

真题重现：

“Knowledge is power” may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people. “知识就是力量”可能是最有哲理的一句谚语了，获取信息则可能是人类需具备的最必要的条件。 (1995阅读)

by accident偶然地,意外

同义替换：

by chance, accidentally

accident 原始涵义：

意外遭遇, 事故He witnessed the accident。他亲眼看见那个意外事故。

造句：

We met by accident at the airport.

我们偶然在机场相遇了。

of one’s own accord自愿地，主动地

同义替换：

without being asked; willingly; freely

accord 原始涵义：

一致, 符合 They came to an accord that profits should be shared equally.他们达成协议, 收益由大家均分。
给予, 赠予，授予（权力、地位、某种待遇） We accorded the boy due praise.我们给了孩子适当的表扬。
符合, 一致 Most of my classmates accord in that opinion.我们班大多数同学都是那个意见。

造句：

The next day he spoke to her of his own accord, and his manner was somewhat changed.

第二天他主动和她说话了，而且态度有所改变。

in accord with与…一致

同义替换：

in accordance with

accord 原始涵义：

见单词8。

造句：

Most people are in accord with their desire for peace.

在渴望和平这一点上, 大多数人都是一致的。

with one accord一致地

同义替换：

with everybody agreeing

Accord 原始涵义：

见单词8。

造句：

They praised Tom with one accord.

他们异口同声地表扬汤姆。

in accordance with 依照，根据

同义替换：

in agreement with

accordance原始涵义：

一致, 和谐, 符合 He acted in accordance with his beliefs.他按照自己的信念行事。

造句：

The rights of children are protected in accordance with the law.

儿童的权利根据法律得到保护。

on one’s own account 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益

同义替换：

for one’s own interest

Account原始涵义：

账, 账户 The sum of money has been transferred into my account.那笔钱已转到我账上。
说明原因(或理由)，提出理由；是…的原因；做出说明(或解释)，解释(for) His illness accounts for his absence.他因为生病, 所以才缺席。
以为，认为，把…看做，把…视作 We all account him a qualified teacher.我们都认为他是一名合格的教师。

造句：

Everything he does is on his own account.

他做的每件事都为自己的利益打算。

take…into account把…考虑进去

同义替换：

consider

Account原始涵义：

见单词12。

造句：

Our strategy must take into account the possibility that our guesses are wrong.在制定战略方针时，我们必须考虑到我们的猜测有可能是错误的。

give sb. an account of 说明，解释 (理由)

同义替换：

explain

Account原始涵义：

见单词12。

造句：

In describing an object we can give an account of its shape, size, color and function.

描写一个静物时应说明物体的外形、大小、色彩以及功能。

account for 解释，说明

同义替换：

give an explanation or reason for

Account原始涵义：

见单词12。

真题重现：

What might account for this strange phenomenon? 造成这一奇怪现象的可能原因是什么? (2007阅读)

造句：

Lack of money accounts for her discontinuing her studies.

缺钱是她辍学的原因。

on account of 由于,因为.

同义替换：

because of

Account原始涵义：

见单词12。

造句：

The drilling was delayed on account of the bad weather.

由于天气不好，训练推迟了。

on no account绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)

同义替换：

in no case, for no reason

Account原始涵义：

见单词12。

造句：

On no account should you leave the door unlocked.

你无论如何也不应该不锁门。

accuse…of…指控,控告

同义替换：

charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about

Accuse 原始涵义：

指责，谴责；控告We accused him of taking bribes.我们控告他受贿。

be accustomed to习惯于

同义替换：

be in the habit of, be used to

accustom 原始涵义：

(使)习惯于It takes a moment for her eyes to grow accustomed to the dark.她花了片刻的时间使双眼习惯这种黑暗。

造句：

I am accustomed to working inside the room of noise and excitement.

我习惯于在喧闹的房间里工作。

be acquainted with了解；熟悉

同义替换：

to have knowledge of了解；to have met socially熟悉

acquaint 原始涵义：

vt.使熟悉, 使了解This book acquaints the students with the ancient cultures of Europe.这本书帮助学生了解欧洲的古代文化。

通知, 告知Acquaint him with your plans.把你的计划告知他。

真题重现：

Ms. Green has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be acquainted with everyone who comes to the store.虽然在这个镇上只住了一年，然而格林小姐似乎认识来店里的每一个人。(1996词汇)

造句：

I was first acquainted with him on board a whale vessel.

当初，我是在一艘捕鲸船上同他结识的。

act on 奉行，按照…行动

同义替换：

be according to

act 原始涵义：

& vi.做，做事，行事；行动，采取行动The time for thinking is past, we must now act.思考的时间过去了, 我们现在必须行动。

表演, 举动像…;装出,假装,做作Oliver is acting tonight.奥利弗今晚演出。

n.行为, 行动My first act was to run into the waiting room.我的第一个行动就是跑进客厅。

真题重现：

Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.世界各国政府都按照这样一个假设行事：人民的福利在很大程度上取决于经济实力和社会财富。(2000翻译)

造句：

The police are acting on the information received.

警方正根据获得的情报采取行动。

adapt oneself to使自己适应于

同义替换：

adjust oneself to

adapt 原始涵义：

& vi. (使)适应，(使)适合She knew how to adapt herself.她懂得如何适应环境。

vt.改编, 改写Many of Dickens’ books have been adapted as films.狄更斯的许多书都已改编成电影。

改变…以适合(for)Many city vehicles have been adapted for use as school buses.许多城市车辆已改为校车。

vi.适应于，适应不同情况(或环境)(to)She has not yet adapted to the climate.她还没适应气候。

造句：

You should adapt yourself to the new environment.

你应该适应新环境。

adapt…(for)改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)

同义替换：

make sth. Suitable for a new need

adapt 原始涵义：

见单词22。

造句：

The author is going to adapt his play for television.

作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。

in addition此外, 又, 加之

同义替换：

besides

addition 原始涵义：

n.加; 加法That is a simple addition.那是简单的加法。

增加的人或事物They’ve just had an addition to the family.他们家里刚刚添了一口人。

造句：

In addition, reference is made to the novel techniques.

此外，还介绍了一些新的方法。

in addition to除…外

同义替换：

as well as, besides, other than

addition 原始涵义：

见单词24。

造句：

In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language.

除英语外，他还要学第二外语。

adhere to 粘附; 坚持, 遵循

同义替换：

abide by, conform. to, comply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief

adhere 原始涵义：

vi.黏附, 附着The two surfaces adhered, and we couldn’t get them apart.这两个表面粘着, 我们无法将它们分开。

坚持, 支持He resolutely adhered to what he had said at the meeting.他坚持他在会上所说的话。

adjacent毗邻的, 临近的

同义替换：

next to, close to

adjacent原始涵义：

adj.与…毗连的；邻近的We work in adjacent rooms.我们在毗邻的房间里工作。

adjust..(to)调节; 适应;

同义替换：

change slightly

adjust原始涵义：

& vi.(改变…以)适应; 调整; 校正The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。

造句：

The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.

经过了若干年，从事职业运动的人的身体发生了显著的变化，而经纪人更乐于调整团队的制服以适应他们日益变大、变长的骨架。

admit of…的可能，留有…的余地.

同义替换：

be capable of, leave room for

admit原始涵义：

& vi.许可进入This ticket admits two persons.这张票可让两人进场。

承认, 供认She admitted having done wrong.她承认自己做错了。

vt.允许，让…得到，让…享有He was admitted into their fullest confidence.

他获得了他们的充分信任。

vi.(门)开向，通往(一地)(to)The gate admits to the yard.这道门通向院子。

容许，容许有，容得；留有余地，给予机会(of)The regulations admit of no exception.规章不容破例。

造句：

His statement admits of one interpretation only.

他的话只有一种解释。

in advance预告, 事先

同义替换：

before in time

advance原始涵义：

& vi.(使)前进, (使)发展; 促进I signed to him to keep away, but he continued to advance.我示意他离开, 但他还是继续往前走。

提高, 提升Prices are advancing.各种物价都在上涨。

vt.提出He advanced many reasonable proposals.他提出了许多合理化建议。

提前They advanced the time of the meeting.他们把会议时间提前了。

预付, 贷(款项等)I advanced 200 pounds more on these books.这些书我又多预付了200英镑。

把(钟、表等)拨快Clocks must be advanced one hour.钟表必须拨快一小时。

(尤指凭抵押品)贷(款)；借(钱)The banks often advance money to farmers for seed and fertilizer.银行通常贷款给农民购买种子和化肥。

n.前进, 发展, 改进, 进步Nothing could stop the advance of the soldiers.

什么也无法阻挡战士们的前进步伐。

增长, 提高There has been no advance in the price of rice for many years.许多年来米价一直没有上涨。

借款, 预付款, 贷款The factory gave me an advance so that I could get my necessities.工厂先付钱给我, 便于我买一些必需品。

adj.预先的, 在前的We sent out an advance party of soldiers.我们派出一支先头部队。

预先做好的; 预先供给的They have got advance information of the storm’s approach.他们事前已得到将有暴风雨的消息。

(在锦标赛中)获胜后进入下一轮比赛He advanced into the second round.他获胜进入第二轮比赛。

造句：

It’s a very popular play, and it would be wise to book seats well in advance. 这是部很受欢迎的戏剧，提前定好座位是明智的。

to advantage有利的,使优点更加突出地.

advantage原始涵义：

n.有利条件, 有利因素, 优势Her Olimpic experience gave her a big advantage over the other contestants for the final victory.她的奥运会参赛经历使她比起其他竞技对手在争取最后获胜上具有很大的优势。

益处, 利益There are advantages to not having servants.不用仆人有不用仆人的优越性。

vt.有利于，有益于，有助于；促进，推动；使处于有利地位It would advantage you to work hard.努力工作对你会有益。

造句：

Hang the picture somewhere where it will show up to advantage.

把这幅画挂在便于它显示较好效果的地方。

have an advantage over胜过.

have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件

have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事

advantage原始涵义：

见单词31。

造句：

A man who can think will always have an advantage over others.

能动脑子的人总是会胜过别人。

However, it also doesn’t have the advantage of the weather-controlled climate.

但是，它也没有恒温控制气候的优点。”

You have the advantage of me there.

在那一点上,你比我强。

take advantage of 利用.

同义替换：

make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness

advantage原始涵义：

见单词31。

造句：

If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands.

如果你正借助文字处理器进行工作，只需通过几个简单的键盘指令，你就可以利用它来进行删加或移动整段文字。

agree with 赞同(某人意见)

agree to 同意

agree原始涵义：

& vi.同意, 赞同I asked him to come with me and he agreed.我请他和我一起来, 他同意了。

vi.相同, 相符, 一致The essential thing is that the two of you ought to agree.

根本的问题是你们俩应意见一致。

适宜, 相和These two shades do not agree.这两种色调不协调。

达成协议，商定 (about， on， upon)They have agreed on the terms of surrender.他们就投降条件达成了协议。

表示愿意，应允，答应I agree to leave at once.我答应即刻离开。

真题重现：

If any man here does not agree with me, he should put forward his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.如果任何人不同意我的观点，他应该提出自己的关于提高这些人生活水平的计划。(1994词汇)

造句：

I agree with you to some degree.

在某种程度上我与你意见一致。

They agree to the plan in principle.

他们原则上同意这个计划。

in agreement (with) 同意, 一致

同义替换：

in favor of

agreement原始涵义：

n.协定, 协议, 契约A signed agreement is not susceptible of change.已签署的协议不可再改动。

达成协议It took three years for the two countries to hammer out an agreement.两国花了3年的时间经过反复讨论才达成协议。

同意His silence implied agreement.他的沉默意味着同意。

造句：

We are in agreement with their decision.

我们同意他们的决定。

ahead of在…之前, 超过…

ahead of time 提前.

ahead原始涵义：

adv.在(某人或某事物的)前面The road forks further ahead.路在前面分岔。

造句：

Bush remains ahead of Gore among likely voters.

布什在可能的投票者中仍领先戈尔

Food is prepared ahead of time so that no cooking needs to be done during the festival.

食物被提前准备好了，因此节日期间就不必做任何烹饪了。

in the air不肯定，不具体；在谣传中

air原始涵义：

n.天空, 大气, 空气; 气氛We breathe air.我们呼吸空气。

There was an air of excitement at the meeting.会议上气氛激昂。

空中Many birds are flying in the air.许多鸟儿在空中飞翔。

样子, 神态, 姿态They were displeased with her haughty airs.他们讨厌她高傲的派头。

& vi.晾晒, 烘干The straw mattresses are airing there.草垫子正在那里晾着。

播送, 广播The program airs daily.本节目每天广播。

vt.使房间通风, 透气We air the room by opening the windows.我们打开窗子让屋子通风。

造句：

The scandal about him has been in the air for a long time.

有关他的那个丑闻已流传很久了。

above all尤其是, 最重要的.

同义替换：

especially, most important of all

above原始涵义：

prep.(表示位置)在…正上方The aeroplane was flying a few feet above the sea.

飞机正在距海面几英尺的低空飞行。

(表示方向)在…的另一侧; 在…往北The water is smoother above the dam.坝的另一边水面平静些。

(表示比较)优于, 胜于; 较…更为; 高出Because of her beauty, she has managed to marry above her.由于貌美, 她得以嫁给一个地位比她高的人。

超过, 超越; 为…所不及You can’t expect to succeed if you attempt tasks above your ability.如果你要做能力达不到的事, 就别指望成功。

(表示等级)在…之上, 高于A lieutenant colonel ranks above a major.陆军中校比少校级别高。

(表示否定)不受…的影响; 不至于He is above meanness and deceit.他不至于搞卑鄙和欺骗行为。

(表示数目)超过, 超出Above two hundred people attended the meeting.二百多人出席了会议。

adv.在上面My room is just above.我的房间就在楼上。

以上This is a military meeting for captains and above.这是一个由上尉及上尉以上军官参加的军事会议。

上述As is stated above, this principle applies to all cases.如前文所讲, 这一原则适合所有案例。

真题重现：

Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools: and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “patial” thinking about things technological.

在诸多形成因素中，我要特别提到的是美国优良的小学教育；尤其是，美国人在思考技术问题时所表现出来的一种非语言的“立体”思维天赋。(1996阅读)

造句：

Above all, the person in charge was on the spot.

特别是，负责人在场的。

in all总共, 总计

同义替换：

counting everyone or everything, altogether

造句：

There are fifteen books on the first shelf, twenty-one on the second, that makes thirty-six in all.

书架的第一层有15本书, 第二层有21本, 总共是36本。

after all 毕竟，到底

(not) at all 一点也不

all at once突然

once and for all 只此一次

first of all 首先

all in all 大体上说

be all in 累极了

all but 几乎

造句：

Don’t get discouraged by setbacks, we are new to the work after all.

别因挫折而灰心, 这工作对我们来说毕竟还是陌生的

He’s not at all tired.

他一点也不累。

I felt afraid all at once.

我突然间感到害怕。

He will explain it fully once and for all.

他将把它充分地解释一次就此了结。

First of all, you should know what profession suits you.

首先, 你该知道什么职业适合你。

All in all, it has been a great success.

总的来说, 非常成功。

She is all in.

她累得要死

She all but fainted when she heard the news.

听到那消息, 她差点晕过去。

allow for考虑到, 估计到

同义替换：

take into consideration, take into account

allow原始涵义：

vt.允许, 许可(做某事)I don’t think he would allow it.我想他不会允许的。

给予, 让…得到The court allowed a sum of money to each child for clothing.法院判给每个孩子一笔服装费。

承认, 认为The referee refused to allow the goal.裁判不承认这次进球。

听凭，听任Jack had allowed himself to become fat.杰克听任自己发胖。

vi.容许某事发生(或存在)；容许(常与of连用)a premise that allow of only one conclusion假设容许只有一个结论

真题重现：

Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.

这些新超级系统的支持者争辩说，这些合并活动将会大大削减成本，便于更好地协调业务。(2003阅读)

造句：

We should allow for unexpected difficulty.

我们应考虑到可能出现意想不到的困难。

amount to总计, 等于

同义替换：

to be equal to

amount原始涵义：

n.量, 数量, 数额Large amounts of money were wasted.浪费了大量的钱。

总额, 总数He owed me $100but could pay only half that amount.他欠我100英镑, 但是只能偿还总数的一半。

vi.合计, 共计The bill amounts to $500.这张账单共计500美元。

等同, 接近His words amounted to a threat.他的话实际上是威胁。

(在意义、价值、效果、程度等方面)等于，相当于，等同；近于，接近，就是，意思是(to)His failure to reply amounts to a refusal.他不予回答就等于拒绝。

具有价值It was the computer that amounted.真正有价值的还是那台电脑。

造句：

His debts amount to over $ 3000.

他的欠债总数已达三千多美元。

answer for对…负责.

同义替换：

undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for

真题重现：

He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to answer for the consequences.

他未能兑现合同上的一些条款，所以现在他必须对结果负责。(1995词汇)

造句：

You must answer for her.

你必须对她负责。

answer to适合,符合.

同义替换：

conform. to

造句：

Your deeds must answer to your words.

你的言行应该一致。

be anxious about为…焦急不安

anxious原始涵义：

adj.焦急的, 忧虑的, 担心的We had a very anxious time until we knew that they were safe.我们一直忧虑直到得知他们平安。

渴望的, 急切的, 非常希望I was anxious for everything to be settled.我渴望每一件事都安排妥当。

造句：

I feel anxious about my brother.

我为弟弟担心。

apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉

apologize原始涵义：

& vi.道歉, 谢罪You forgot to apologize.你忘记道歉了。

造句：

You should apologize to him for your rudeness.

你对人不礼貌，向他赔个不是。

appeal to sb. for sth.为某事向某人呼吁

appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力

appeal原始涵义：

n.呼吁, 恳求His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered.他恳请原谅, 但没有得到答复。

感染力, 吸引力This kind of music hasn’t much appeal for me.这类音乐对我没有吸引力。

vi.有吸引力This job rather appeals to me.这工作对我有吸引力。

有感染力；引起兴趣；引起注意；投其所好；引人入胜(to)His argument appealed to me.他的论据引起了我的兴趣。

& vi.上诉Five times he appealed the case, always losing.他上诉五次, 都失败了。

真题重现：

f the study of hw is beginning to establish as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.

如果法律学习正逐渐被确定为普通教育的主要组成部分，其目的和方法就应该使新闻教育者立即产生兴趣。(2007翻译)

造句：

If you appeal to him for help, he will come down handsome.

如果你向他求助，他会慷慨解囊的。

The action films have lost their appeal to me.

我对武打片已经失去了兴趣。

apply to sb. for sth.为…向…申请

apply for申请;

apply原始涵义：

vt.应用; 使用; 敷, 涂We should try to learn economic theory and apply it.我们应努力学习经济理论并能应用。

使刻苦努力; 致力于We should try to learn economic theory and apply it.我们应努力学习经济理论并能应用。

实施，实行The club applied the rules to new members only.俱乐部仅对新会员实行这些规定。

& vi.申请, 请求; 适用You may apply in person or by letter.你可以亲自到场或去信提出申请。

造句：

We applied to the authorities for assistance.

我们向当局请求帮助。

He applied for a passport.

他申请护照。

apply to与…有关;适用

造句：

The law applied to all persons.

这项法律适用于所有人。

approve of赞成

同义替换：

consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right

approve原始涵义：

&vi.赞成, 同意The firm’s directors quickly approved the new idea.公司的董事们很快赞同了这个想法。

vt.批准, 通过The minister approved the building plan.部长批准了该建筑计划。

vi.赞同，赞许；称许；称赞；满意、喜欢(of)Don’t expect him to approve of your plan straight away.别指望他马上会接受你的计划。

造句：

I don’t approve of smoking in bed.

我不赞成在床上吸烟。

arise from由…引起.

同义替换：

be caused by

arise原始涵义：

& link-v.呈现; 出现; 发生During the night a great storm has arisen.夜里来了一场大风暴。

真题重现：

Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements.由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。(2000翻译)

造句：

The country’s present difficulties arise from the reduced value of its money.

该国目前的困难起因于其货币的贬值。

arrange for sb/sth. to do sth. 安排…做…

arrange原始涵义：

& vi.安排; 准备Everything has been arranged satisfactorily.一切都得到了令人满意的安排。

vt.整理; 布置He began to arrange the flowers in the vase.他开始把花瓶内的花摆好。

达成…的协议；解决，调解，调停(纠纷、分歧等)The two sides arranged the sale of the property.双方达成关于房地产交易的协议。

造句：

We can arrange for you to visit our Ever Bright Cotton Mill this afternoon.

我么可以安排让你今天下午参观永明棉纺厂。

arrive on到达;

arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出;

arrive in 到达某地(大地方);

真题重现：

When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals.当史前人类抵达世界上未经开发的地区时. 奇怪的事发生在了大型动物身上。 (2006阅读)

造句：

They arrived on the horse court at two.

两点钟时他们到达跑马场。

I have arrived at the conclusion that he is a very intelligent boy.

我已得出结论, 他是一个非常聪明的孩子

Call me when you arrive in Shanghai.

你到上海以后打個電話给我。

be ashamed of以… 为羞耻

同义替换：

feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done

ashamed原始涵义：

adj.惭愧的, 羞耻的, 害臊的，不好意思的Her husband felt ashamed at her behaviour.她丈夫为她的行为感到害臊。

造句：

You ought to be ashamed of yourself.

你真不要脸。

assure sb. of sth.向…保证, 使…确信.

同义替换：

try to cause to believe or trust in sth.

assure原始涵义：

vt.使相信; 使确信；向…保证He assured me success.他使我相信能够成功。

造句：

He assured us of his ability to solve the problem.

他向我们保证他有能力解决这个问题。

attach(to)缚, 系 ,结

同义替换：

to fix, fasten; join

attach原始涵义：

& vi.贴上; 系; 附上The worker attached a cable.工人连接电缆。

vt.结，采；贴；缚，拴，扎牢；装；连接 (to)She attached labels to all her bags.她把标签系(或贴)在所有袋子上。

(正式)任命，委派，委任，指派 His new firm attached him to the sales division of the business.他的新公司派他到营业部工作。

真题重现：

One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached to the patent office.我们可以从附属于专利局的图书馆获取某项专利发明的所有详细资料。(1993阅读)

造句：

He attached labels to his luggage.

他把标签贴在行李上。

make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…

attempt原始涵义：

vt.试图; 尝试He attempted the exam but failed.他试图通过考试, 但失败了。

n.尝试, 试图, 企图After repeated attempts they finally succeeded.经过反复尝试, 他们终于成功了。

造句：

The company make an attempt at breaking/ to break into the American market.

公司试图打入美国市场

attend to(=)注意,照顾;

同义替换：

give one’s attention, care and thought

造句：

He is really too busy to attend to anything else.

他实在太忙, 无法分身。

attend on(upon)侍候,照料

同义替换：

wait upon, serve, look after

造句：

The servant attends on his master.

佣人侍候其主人。

attitude toward…对…的态度.看法

造句：

Let us examine our attitude toward peace itself.

我们先来检讨我们对和平的态度

attribute…to…把..归因于..;认为..是..的结果

同义替换：

to believe sth. to be the result of…

attribute原始涵义：

vt.认为…是; 归因于…He attributes his success to working hard.他认为他的成功是艰苦工作的结果。

n.属性, 特性Kindness is one of his best attributes.仁慈是他的好品性之一。

造句：

What do you attribute to your long and successful career in entertainment?

你认为自己在娱乐圈内获得长久成功的原因是什么?

on the average平均

同义替换：

on average, on an average

造句：

On the average, such transformations balance out.

平均起来，这种转化可以互相抵消。

(be) aware of意识到，知道

同义替换：

be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness

aware原始涵义：

adj.意识到的, 知道的，明白的He doesn’t seem to be aware of the problems.他好像没有意识到这个问题。

真题重现：

Anyone who has Spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond to the same situation.

跟小孩待过的人都知道男孩和女孩对同一情形的反应是不一样的。 (1991词汇)

造句：

He was aware of the possibility of a recurrence of his illness.

他知道他的病有可能复发。

at the back of在…后面

同义替换：

behind

造句：

There is an appendix at the back of the book

该书末尾处有一附录。

in the back of在…后部(里面);

on the back of 在…后部(外面);

be on one’s back卧病不起.

造句：

You ride in the back of the car with yourbrother.

你跟你弟弟坐汽车的后座.

You hit me on the back of the head.

你砸着我的后脑勺啦。

He was on his back for 3 weeks.

他有三个星期卧病在床。

at one’s back支持,维护

同义替换：

supporting or favoring sb.

造句：

The people are at the back of the government.

人民是支持政府的。

have sb. at one ’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台

造句：

If you make this decision you will certainly have the President at your back.

你如果采取这项决定的话,一定会得到总统的支持。

turn one’s back on sb.不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃

同义替换：

turn away from sb. in an impolite way

造句：

We cannot turn our back on the world outside.

我们不能不去理睬整个世界。

behind one’s back背着某人(说坏话)

造句：

Don’ t speak ill of him behind his back.

别在背后说他坏话。

be based on upon基于

base原始涵义：

n.基础, 底座The lamp stands on a circular base.这盏台灯是装在圆形底座上的。

基地, 根据地The country maintains military bases on foreign soil.那个国家在国外设有军事基地。

vt.把…建立在, 以…为基础One should always base one’s opinion on facts.我们应总是把自己的观点建立在事实的基础上。

基于；以…为根据(on， upon)He based the book on his own life.他根据他自己的生活写这本书。

vi.基于(on, upon)Fluctuating prices usually base on a fickle public’s demand.物价的波动往往因公众需求的变化而造成。

真题重现：

Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers.

人们已经不可能得到像萨凡特那么高的分数了，因为现在的得分以各年龄段的人口统计学分布为依据。 (2007阅读)

造句：

A visual interface is based on visual patterns.

视觉模式是视觉界面的基础。

on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上

basis原始涵义：

n.基础,要素；基点The simplest basis for classification is in terms of structure or texture.最简单的分类基础是结构或构造。

真题重现：

On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that the climate of the world should be becoming cooler.

科学家根据他们的模型，认为全球的气候应该是在变冷。 (1992阅读)

造句：

On the basis of the evidence we deduced that he was guilty.

根据这些证据,我们推论他是有罪的。

beat…at在…运动项目上打赢

beat原始涵义：

(心脏等)跳动His heart was still beating.他的心脏还在跳。

(翅膀)扑扇；有节奏地拍动；颤动，震动The wings of the sea gull were beating frantically.海鸥的翅膀在疯狂地扑扇着。

& vi.接连地击打It is wrong to beat others.打人是不对的。

vt.打败At last they beat their enemy.最终, 他们打败了敌人。

n.敲打, 敲打声We heard the beat of a drum.

造句：

He said that no one could beat him at tennis, but he had to eat his words after losing several games.

他说过打网球谁都赢不了他，可是输了几场比赛后他不得不认错了。

begin with以…开始.

造句：

We begin with the least hopeful.

让我们从希望最小的一点开始。

to begin with 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语)

同义替换：

first of all

真题重现：

To begin with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years.

首先，世界食物供应在未来的30年将变得越来越困难。(1991翻译)

造句：

To begin with, we must consider the problem all sidedly.

首先，我们必须全面地考虑这个问题。

on behalf of以…名义

同义替换：

as the representative of

behalf原始涵义：

n.方面, 利益, 赞同 He is a person appointed to represent or act on behalf of others. 他是一个被指定为代表或按其它人利益活动的人。

真题重现：

The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.保护客户资料的能力是市场价值的关键所在，而董事会代表股东对此负有责任。 (2007阅读)

造句：

General agents have authority to act on behalf of their principles generally.

全权代理人有权以委托人的名义从事一般性活动。

believe in相信,依赖,信仰.

同义替换：

have faith or trust in; consider sth.sb. to be true

造句：

He does not believe in fate.

他不相信命运。

benefit(from) 受益,得到好处.

benefit原始涵义：

& vi.有益于, 得益The bank suffers while its officers benefit.银行遭受损失, 而它的高级职员们却得到好处。

n.益处, 好处Part of the benefit of the menu comes from its reliability and consistency. 菜单的部分好处来自它的可靠性和一致性。

vt.有益于，对…有好处 That was a health programme to benefit everyone.那是一项对人人都有好处的健康计划。

真题重现：

What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.

奇怪的是他们大都曾从野心(雄心)中受益匪浅——如果不是总能受益于自己的野心(雄心)，那么也是受益于父母或祖父母的野心(雄心)。 (2000阅读)

造句：

You will benefit from experience.

你一定会从经验中获得益处。

for the benefit of为了…的利益(好处)

造句：

He is showing off for the benefit of his future.

他在为他前途的利益而卖弄才能。

for the better好转

造句：

His illness has taken a turn for the better.

他的病有了好转。

get the better of 打败, 胜过

同义替换：

defeat sb.

造句：

You always get the better of me at chess.

你下国际象棋总是赢我。

by birth在出生上,论出身,按血统

at birth 在出生时;

give birth to 出生

造句：

I’m a Chinese by birth.

我生在中国,是个中国人。

Man’s nature at birth is good.

人之初，性本善。

Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college.艾德琳·艾华里斯18岁结婚并生有一子，但她决心要读完大学。

blame sb. for sth.因…责备某人

blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上

blame原始涵义：

vt.指责, 责怪, 归咎于 Don’t blame on him, after all, he is a green hand. 不要责备他，他毕竟是个新手。

n.责备；指责；责任 All blame must attach to myself. 一切责任应由我本人承担。

真题重现：

I thought the technician was to blame for the blowing of the fuse, but I see now that I was mistaken.我原来以为保险丝被烧断是技工的责任，但是我现在意识到自己错了。(1997词汇)

造句：

All the rats are dead and people won’t blame me for the rats.

所有的老鼠都死了，人们再也不会为老鼠责怪我。

Don’t blame the failure on me.

别把失败怪在我的头上。

be in blossom开花(强调状态)

come into blossom开花(强调动作)

blossom原始涵义：

n.花丛, 花簇 The oriental cherry is in full blossom.樱花盛开。

vi.开花In March the peach blossomed.三月桃花开。

造句：

All the shrubs are in blossom.

灌木丛中花团烂漫。

The plum trees come into blossom in winter

梅树冬天开花。

on board到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机

造句：

Everybody on board was worded and we were curious to find out what had happened.飞机上的人都很着急，大家都想了解出了什么事。

boast of(or about) 吹嘘

boast原始涵义：

n.自吹自擂, 自夸的话Talent is his boast. 他自夸有才.

& vi.自夸We must never brag and boast. 我们决不可自吹自擂。

真题重现：

Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late.如果考虑到所有这些不利因素，中央银行家们最近似乎有了夸耀的资本。(1997阅读)

造句：

That’s nothing to boast of.

那没什么好夸耀的。

out of breath喘不过气来

breath原始涵义：

呼吸 The joggers paused to catch their breath. 慢跑者们暂停下来以便呼吸。

造句：

The 5-mile run left us all out of breath.

五英里的长跑让我们都上气不接下气了。

in brief简言之

同义替换：

in as few words as possible

brief原始涵义：

概要, 摘要This is a summary of the applicant’s main skills, personal qualities and achievements, and provides a brief overview at the beginning of the resume. 这将求职者的主要技能、人特性和所获的成就总合起来，并在履历的开头处提供了一个简单的概要。

adj.简洁的, 简短的A very brief summary is included here. 这里有十分简单的摘要。

真题重现：

There is not much time left; so I’ll tell you about it in brief.

由于所剩时间不多，我将简要地告诉你这件事。 (1991词汇)

造句：

In brief, the matter stands thus.

简单地说，事情是这样的。

in bulk成批地,散装的

bulk原始涵义：

n.大部分；大量；散装The bulk of the work usually starts in one department. 大量的工作通常在一个部门先开始。

造句：

They needed flour in bulk to bake bread.

他们需要大量的面粉来烤面包。

take the floor起立发言

造句：

He invited the mayor to take the floor.

他请市长发言。

on business出差办事.

造句：

Are you in town on business or for pleasure?

你到这个小镇是出差还是来玩呢?

be busy with sth.忙于某事

be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事

真题重现：

Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt anything but lonely.

他自己呆在一个废弃的屋子里忙于自己的研究工作，以至于一点都不感觉到孤独。(1990词汇)

造句：

He is busy with proving up a coal deposit.

他正忙于勘探煤层。

He is too Busy doing God knows what.

他太忙，不知道究竟在忙些什么。

last but one 倒数第二.

造句：

The problem is the last But one.

这是倒数第二个问题。

but for 要不是，表示假设

同义替换：

without

真题重现：

But for the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.

要不是英语测验，上星期天我就去听音乐会了。(1991词汇)

造句：

But for music, life would be dull.

要不是音乐，人生会很无聊。

buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买

造句：

You can also buy twelve pencils for about four dollars.

你还可以花约4美元买到12支铅笔。

be capable of 能够，有能力

be capable of being +过去分词 是能够被…的

capable原始涵义：

adj. 有能力的, 有技能的；能力强的；足以胜任的 He’s a capable businessman. 他是一位很有能力的业务员。

造句：

She is capable of judging works of art.

她有鉴赏艺术品的能力。

This sewing machine is capable of being improved.

这台缝纫机是可以改进的。

in any case无论如何

同义替换：

for love or money，at any rate，at any price，at any cost ，whatever happens， anyhow

造句：

The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.

石油供应可能随时会被切断，然而不管怎样，以目前这种消费速度，只需30年左右，所有的油井都会枯竭。

in case万一

同义替换：

for fear that

真题重现：

Give me your telephone number in case I need your help.

把你的电话号码给我吧，以备我需要你的帮助。(1990词汇)

造句：

He gripped his pistol tightly, just in case.

他握紧手抢, 以防万一。

in case of 如果发生…万一

同义替换：

in the event of

造句：

They will not do as planned in case of rain.

如果下雨，他们将不会按原计划进行。

in the case of 至于…, 就…而言

造句：

I recognize my responsibility in the case of the soldier Xiao.

关于姓肖的战士那件事，我认识到我是得负责任的。

in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)

造句：

He promises he will take heroin in no case.

他发誓绝不吸食海洛因。

be cautious of谨防

cautious原始涵义：

adj.小心的, 谨慎的He is a cautious investor. 他是个谨慎的投资者。

造句：

He is always cautious of giving offence to others .

他一直注意不得罪人。

center one’s attention on把某人的注意力集中在…上

同义替换：

focus one’s attention on

造句：

The workers center their attention on what they are doing.

工人们正专心致志从事他们的工作。

be certain of 有把握, 一定.

同义替换：

be sure of

造句：

He is not certain of his way.

他似乎举棋不定。

for certain肯定地,有把握地

同义替换：

for sure

造句：

They didn’t say anything for certain.

他们没有任何确切的答复。

by chance偶然

同义替换：

accidentally, by accident

造句：

The two brothers, each presuming the other long since dead, met again by chance. 这对以为彼此早已亡故的兄弟再次偶然相遇了。

for a change换换环境(花样等)

造句：

He was dressed quite presentably for a change.

他为了变化变化, 穿得相当体面.

charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有…

charge原始涵义：

控诉，控告；The judge chargedwith a crime. 法官对犯罪分子提出控告。使充电 He forgot to charge the battery. 他忘记给电池充电了。

n.指责, 指控, 控告He failed to establish his charge. 他的控告不成立。

掌管, 照管He is in charge of a railway station. 他掌管着一个火车站。

索价；收费；要求支付；为…收取费用(常与 for 连用) A token charge is make for heating.为取暖收取象征性的费用。

造句：

The manager charged the employee with neglecting his duty.

经理指控该员工玩忽职守。

in charge of负责(某事)

同义替换：

responsible for

造句：

Mary is in charge of the art and music section of our graduating play.

在我们的毕业大戏中，玛丽负责艺术和音乐部分。

in the charge of …由…管

造句：

The boy was taken in the charge of his tutor.

这男孩受他的家庭教师管理。

take charge of负责管理(照顾)

同义替换：

to be or become responsible for

造句：

The headmaster appointed a dean to take charge of student affairs.校长任命了一名教务主任来负责学生事务。

charge…for 因…索取(费用) ,

造句：

How much do they charge for advertising?

他们索取多少广告费?

round the clock昼夜不停地

同义替换：

all day and all night, usually without stopping

真题重现：

They had been working round the clock for a couple of days hoping to get the design out before their competitors did.

他们昼夜不停地干了几天，希望先于竞争者把设计搞出来。(1997词汇)

造句：

He often works round the clock.

他经常通宵达旦地工作。

comment on 评论

comment原始涵义：

n.评论, 意见, 解释, 批评He made an impersonal comment on the incident. 他对那一事件作了客观的评论。

& vi.评论; 谈论They are commentingon the weather.他们在谈论天气。

真题重现：

If you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. 如果你同秘书说话，你可能想评论他们的经理计划不周。 (2002阅读)

造句：

He did not comment on what I said.

他对我的话未作评论。

commit oneself to 使自己承担…

commit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱

commit one’s idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来

commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论

commit原始涵义：

承诺; 使自己受约束Don’t commit yourself. 你不要作任何承诺。

把…托付给；托，委托；委任She would commit her gentle spirit to be directed and governed by him in all things. 她要把自己柔顺的心灵委托给他，事事都受他的指导、管教。

把（某人）送进（医院或监狱）Commit the man to prison. 把该男子送进监狱。

把…记（或写）下来 I will commit the experience of my early life to writing. 我要把我早年生活经历写下来。

使承担义务，使做出保证At first he had refused to commit himself. 起初，他不肯使自己承担责任。

造句：

They were reluctant to commit themselves to any definite proposals.

他们不愿为任何具体的提议承担义务。

in common (和…)有共同之处,共用

be common to sb. 是与某人所共有的

common原始涵义：

adj.普遍的, 常见的Their common principle is to use the variable capacity in a condenser. 它们的普遍原理是利用电容器的可变电容。

公有的, 共有的, 共同的The Chinese community is knit together by common interests. 共同的利益使华人社区团结起来。

一般的, 平常的She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl. 她希望被对待得只不过像一般的女孩子。

真题重现：

They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened. 他们惟一的共同点就是都倾向于激怒或威胁那些自以为比别人更有见识的人。 (1998阅读)

造句：

All three groups have many features in common.

整个三个组有许多共同的特点

He has some faults common to us.

他具有我们所共有的一些缺点。

keep company with和…要好

同义替换：

be friendly and go out together

company原始涵义：

公司The company is an international trader in grain. 这家公司是国际粮食贸易公司.

伴随, 陪伴Light and color, peace and hope, will keep them company to the end, or almost to the end, of the day. 光线与色彩，和平与希望，将伴随他们一生，或几乎一生。

客人, 朋友People judge a man by the company he keeps. 人们从一个人所交的朋友来判断其人。

伙伴关系，同伴We terminated our relation with the company。我们结束了伙伴关系。

造句：

They married after keeping company with each other for one year.

他们交往一年后就结婚了。

compare…with … 把…与…比较

compare原始涵义：

& vi.比较, 对照Compare your answers with those at the back of the book to see if they are right. 把你的答案同书后面的答案对照一下，看看是否正确。

真题重现：

It’s true of the old family firms that they lacked efficiency compared with modem companies.

与现代公司相比，古老的家族公司的确是缺乏效率。 (1996阅读)

造句：

My English cannot compare with his.

我的英语不及他。

compare…to…把…比作…

真题重现：

A technologist can be compared to an artist because they are both experts in spatial thinking.

可以将技工比作艺术家，因为他们都是空间思维方面的专家。 (1996阅读)

造句：

Compare to his early work, this be a rather slight novel.

这部小说与他早期作品相比, 不甚重要。

by comparison比较起来

comparison原始涵义：

n.比较, 对照The comparison hold good! 这个比较是贴切的。

造句：

The pair of shoes are cheaper by comparison.

相比之下这双鞋要便宜些。

in comparison with和…比起来

同义替换：

in contrast to

造句：

Man is an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society.

与社会的其余部分相比，人类是不重要的一部分。

compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿,弥补

同义替换：

give sth. to make up for

compensate原始涵义：

& vi.补偿, 弥补

Nothing can compensate her for the loss of her husband.

任何东西都无法补偿她失去丈夫。

真题重现：

The tests do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

这些测试并不弥补总的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。 (1995翻译)

造句：

Nothing can compensate the young mother for the loss of her favrourite daughter.

年轻的妈妈丧失了自己心爱的女儿是任何东西也弥补不了的。

complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告

complain to sb. about sth. (or sb.) 向某人抱怨…;

complain原始涵义：

& vi.抱怨, 诉苦He did nothing but complain. 他除了抱怨以外，什么也没做。

造句：

I have nothing to complain of.

我没什么可抱怨的。

I shall complain to the manager about it.

我要找经理对这件事提意见。

complement 补充

compliment 恭维

造句：

Love is the complement of the law.

爱的精神是法律的补充物。

They paid him a high compliment.

他们非常恭维他。

comply with遵守, 依从

同义替换：

act in accordance with a demand, order, rule

comply原始涵义：

vi.遵从, 依从, 服从I had no resource but to comply. 我没有办法，也只好顺从照办了。

造句：

I recommend you to comply with safety regulations.

我劝你遵守安全规则。

conceive of 想象,设想

同义替换：

think of, imagine, consider

conceive原始涵义：

& vi.想出，设想We could not conceive that they would do such a silly thing.

我们无法想象他们会办出这样的蠢事。

怀孕 She was still young enough to conceive and carry. 她还年轻，可以怀孕和生育。

造句：

Can you conceive of a complete vacuum?

你能想象出完全真空的情形吗？

concentrate on (or upon) 集中,专心

concentrate原始涵义：

& vi.专心于; 注意; 集中;聚集All this would naturally lead them to concentrate their pressure on us. 所有这些自然使得他们把压力集中到我们身上。

真题重现：

Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. 然而, 它涉及制定明确的目标，获得即时反馈信息，并倾全力于方法及结果。(2007阅读)

造句：

He wanted to concentrate on a single issue.

他要集中在单一的问题上。

be concerned with (=about) 与…有关

concern原始涵义：

关心；担心；挂念He exhibited total lack of concern for the child. 可以看出他对那孩子毫不关心.

vt.有关于, 关系到；使关心Economics is one of the subjects which concern human activities. 经济学是有关人类活动的学科之一。

造句：

Collid chemistry is concerned with dispersions.

肢体化学与各种分散体系有关。

concern oneself about /with关心

真题重现：

“I am a good economic indicator, ” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they concerned about saving some dollars.”

她说：“我是个很好的经济指标，当人们想要节省几美元时，他们可以不享受我的服务。” (2004阅读)

造句：

He doesn’t concern himself about[with] what people say.

不管人们怎么讲，他都不关心。

in conclusion最后一点;

同义替换：

as the last thing

conclusion原始涵义：

n.结束，结尾The meeting came to a successful conclusion. 会议圆满结束。

结论，推论Edward’s conclusion conforms with George’s. 艾德华的结论和乔治的一致。

造句：

In conclusion he wished us very success in our work.

最后，他祝我们工作顺利。

at the conclusion of 当…结束时

造句：

At the conclusion of these words, the count rose to depart.

说完这几句话，伯爵就站起身来，准备告辞了。

condemn sb. to判决

condemn原始涵义：

vt.谴责，指责We condemn all sorts of slanders. 我们谴责一切诽谤中伤的言论。

宣判；判处 How could she possibly condemn him to the horrible death of the tiger’s teeth and claws? 她怎么可能判处他死在老虎的尖牙利爪之下呢？

造句：

Then you condemn me to live wretched and to die accursed?

那么你就是判定我活着受罪，死后要受诅咒了？

on condition that 以…为条件, 假如

同义替换：

造句：

I’ll do it on condition that you pay for everything.

我可以做此事,条件是你得支付一切费用。

in that 因为

同义替换：

because

造句：

The courtesy of nations allows you my better, in that you are the first-born.

各国的风俗承认你有比我优越的位置，因为你是长子。

now that 既然

同义替换：

since

造句：

Now that the technical problems have been settled.

既然有关技术问题已经解决

for all that 尽管

同义替换：

although

造句：

For all that, the brute was there.

虽然如此，但兽性并未消失。

in (outof)condition 健康状况好(不好)

同义替换：

thoroughly healthy or fit (not fit)

造句：

You have to be in condition to play any sport seriously these days.

现在你想认真进行任何运动都得有健康的体魄。

I can’t go swimming now; I’m out of condition.

我现在不能去游泳,我身体欠佳。

.in good (bad) condition处于良好(坏)状态

造句：

He exercised strenously to keep his carcass in good condition.

他刻苦训练，以使身体处于良好状态。

He was still in bad condition and could recall only a fragmented account of the accident.

他的情况仍然不好,只能回忆起那次事故的零碎片断。

confess(to)承认, 供认

同义替换：

admit a fault, crime, or sth. wrong

confess原始涵义：

& vi.承认, 供认（错误或罪行）

I must confess myself completely puzzled by the question.

我必须承认我被这个问题搞迷糊了。

造句：

He refused to confess to his crime.

他拒绝认罪。

confide in对…讲真心话, 依赖

同义替换：

to talk freely to sb. about one’s secret

confide原始涵义：

v & vi.（向某人）吐露（隐私、秘密等）Jone felt she could only confide in her mother.琼觉得她只有向她妈妈倾吐心中的秘密。

造句：

I confide in him and he has never deceived me.

我信赖他,他从来没有欺骗过我。

in confidence秘密地, 暗中

confidence原始涵义：

信任，信赖，信心He was always amazed by her confidence. 他常常对她的自信惊叹不已。

造句：

I should like to exchange a few words with you in confidence.

我想私下和你交换点意见。

with confidence 满怀信心地;

造句：

You must figure out this matter with confidence.

你必须满怀信心地解决掉这个问题。

130.have confidence in sb. sth. 对…的信赖

同义替换：

be confident of

造句：

We have confidence in the mayor。

我们信任这位市长。

be confident of 有信心

同义替换：

have confidence in

造句：

I have every reason to be confident of our victory.

我有充分的理由坚信胜利是属于我们的。

confine…to…把…限制在某范围内

同义替换：

restrict …in the range of …

Confine 原始涵义：

vt.限制; 局限于She confined her activities in educational circles.她把她的各项活动都限制在教育圈内。

禁闭; 管制; 关起来They confined the prisoner in a cell.他们把犯人监禁在监狱里。

造句：

At such, marriages are confine to the same caste, from the same family.

因此，结婚对象也是限制在同一阶级或来自同一个家庭。

confirm sb. in 使某人更坚定(信念等)

同义替换：

make sb. more ensure

Confirm原始涵义：

vt.证实, 证明; 肯定, 确认We have confirmed the report.我们证实了那则报道。

使巩固, 加强The news confirmed my resolution.这消息坚定了我的决心。

造句：

This information confirms me in the belief that he is to blame.

这一消息使我坚信他该受到责备。

conform. to符合,遵照,遵守

同义替换：

1)obey 服从; 2) observe; 3)comply with照…办; 4)keep to遵循; 5)abide by服从;6)stick to按..做

Conform原始涵义：

vi.遵守, 符合，遵从，服从The building does not conform to safety regulations.这座建筑物不符合安全条例。

顺应, 一致,顺从,随潮流There is great pressure on schoolchildren to conform.小学生有巨大的压力要去适应。

be confronted with面对, 面临

同义替换：be brought face to face with

Confront原始涵义：

面对；对抗；与（某人）对峙A soldier has to confront danger.士兵须面对危险。

造句：

The new system will be confronted with great difficulties at the start.

新系统开始时遇到极大困难。

congratulate sb. on祝贺

同义替换：

extend greetings for

Congratulate原始涵义：

vt.向（某人）道贺；祝贺He is to be congratulated for his success.他将会由于取得的成就而受到祝贺。

造句：

We congratulated him on having passed the exam.

我们祝贺他通过了考试。

in connection with关于

同义替换：

with regard to

造句：

The customers are more interested in goods in connection with their daily lives. 消费者对与日常生活有关的物品更感兴趣。

be conscious of觉察,知道

同义替换：

be aware of

Conscious原始涵义：

adj.神志清醒的；有知觉的；有意识的She spoke to us in her conscious moments.她神志清醒时跟我们说过话。

自觉的; 蓄意的I had to make a conscious effort not to be rude to her.我得刻意约束自己不要对她粗鲁。

真题重现：

The doctors are very conscious of their godlike role.

医生对自己神圣的角色有清醒的认识。(2002阅读)

造句：

I was not conscious of having offended him.我没有意识到得罪了他。
139. consent to同意

同义替换：

give agreement to permission

Consent原始涵义：

n.准许, 同意, 赞成Her parents refused their consent to the marriage.她的父母对这桩婚姻持反对态度。

vi.同意; 赞成My father won’t consent to my leaving school.我父亲不会同意让我辍学。

in consequence结果

同义替换：

as a result

Consequence原始涵义：

n.结果, 后果Nobody can tell what the consequences may be.没有人能说出可能的后果。

重要(性), 重大This matter is of great consequence to all of us.对于我们来说这件事非常重要。

真题重现：

The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less than that of the earth; in consequence, the force of gravity at the moon’s surface is only one-sixth of that at the earth’s surface.月球的质量只有不到地球质量的百分之一，因此，月球表面的重力只有地球表面重力的六分之一。 (1994词汇)

造句：

Commerce is paralyzed in consequence of severe earthquake.

由于严重的地震，商业瘫痪了。

in consequence of由于…的结果

同义替换：

as a consequence of

造句：

In consequence of a quarrel with his girlfriend, Tim got drunk.

因为和女朋友吵架，提姆喝醉了。

under consideration在考虑中

同义替换：

be thinking about

Consideration原始涵义：

n.体贴, 关心John never showed any consideration for his mother’s feeling.约翰从来都不体谅他母亲的感情。

考虑; 要考虑的事; （作计划或决定时）必须考虑的事（或因素、原因）We shall give your request our fullest consideration.我们会认真考虑你的请求。

造句：

This matter is now under consideration.

此问题正在考虑中。

in consideration of由于

同义替换：

in return for, on account of, because of

造句：

We turned back in consideration of the worsening weather. 我们考虑到恶劣的天气，返回了。

on no consideration无论如何也不

同义替换：

in no case

造句：

On no consideration can they agree to this.

他绝对不能同意这一点。

145.take…into consideration考虑到, 把 …考虑进去

同义替换：

take account of, take…into account

造句：

What should I take into consideration on choosing a MP3 player?

挑选MP3播放机时我应该注意些什么?

considerate体贴的, 考虑他人需要的,

同义替换：

thoughtful of the needs

造句：

Clearly, this was a person who took considerable pride in personal appearance.

显然，这是个对自己的仪表感到相当自豪的人。

consist of由…组成的

同义替换：

be composed of

Consist原始涵义：

vi.由…组成，构成；包括，包含(常与 of连用)The entire world consists of matter.整个世界都是由物质组成的。

存在于，在于；表现为(常与 in 连用)The spirit consists in whole-hearted devotion to public interests.这种精神就是一心为公。

真题重现：

More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents.

更多家庭由单亲或双职工组成。 (2004完形)

be consistent with与…一致.

同义替换：

be in agreement with

Consistent原始涵义：

adj.一贯的, 始终如一的She is a consistent girl in her feeling.在感情方面她是个始终如一的女孩。

造句：

His action is always consistent with his words.

他始终言行一致。

consult sb. on/about sth. 向…征求…方面的意见, 就…向…请教

同义替换：

ask for advice

Consult原始涵义：

vt.请教, 咨询; 找(医生)诊治He consulted the workers to understand the technical process.他询问工人, 想了解技术上的程序。

造句：

I’m going to consult my best friend on the matter.

这件事我要征求我最好的朋友的意见。

to one’s heart’s content尽情地,痛痛快快

同义替换：as much as one likes

Content原始涵义：

n.所容纳之物, 所含之物The police emptied her bag and examined the contents.警察倒出她包中的东西检查。

adj.满足的, 满意的Now that she has apologized, I am content.既然她已经道了歉, 我也就满意了。

造句：

He had the chance to play the violin to his heart’s content.

他有机会尽情地弹拉手提琴

be content with 满足于be content to do sth. 愿意做某事

同义替换：= be satisfied with

content原始涵义：.

1.所容纳之物, 所含之物

The police emptied her bag and examined the contents.

警察倒出她包中的东西检查。

2.(书等的)内容, 目录

In my opinion the movie lacks contents.

依我看, 这部电影缺乏实质性内容。

3.容量, 含量

No other food has so high an iron content.

没有别的食物有这么高的含铁量。

adj. 其满足的, 满意的

He was content that the thing had happened.这事终于发生, 对此他是满意的。

使满足, 使满意 [content oneself]

Simple praise is enough to content him.

简单的称赞就能使他满足了。

真题重现：Eighty-four per cent of them were married and seemed content with their lives. 他们中84％的人已经结婚了，并且似乎对婚姻生活很满意。 (1990阅读)

造句：Don’ t be content with such a small success. 不要满足于这样小的成功。

contrary to与…相反

同义替换：= in opposition to

contrary原始涵义：

adj. 1.相反的, 相违的

My sister’s taste in dresses is contrary to my own.

在服装方面, 我妹妹的爱好和我完全不同。

2.与之相异的；相对立的；相反的

3.(通常指小孩 )乖戾的；好与人作对的；逆反的；犟的

相反, 反面, 对立面

They did not say the contrary.他们没有说意思相反的话。

造句：The development of formalism is contrary to the spirit of the legislation.

形式主义的发展与立法精神是背道而驰的。

on the contrary 相反

真题重现：A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’ s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is. 然而，缺乏正式的教育并没有限制发展中国家的劳动力为繁荣的未来而充分提高生产力的能力。相反，对提高生产力的种种限制解释了为何当地的教育没有得到相应发展。(2009阅读)

造句：On the contrary he was the most ruthless person I have ever known.

相反，他是我所见过的最冷酷无情的人。

contrast…with 把…与…相对(对照)

contrast原始涵义：

1.对比, 对照

The black paint on the door provides a contrast for the white walls.

门上的黑漆与白墙形成对比。

2.差异, 差别

There can be no differentiation without contrast.

有比较才有差别。

造句：In contrast with most politicians, he was invariably polite.

与大多数政治家相比，他始终彬彬有礼。

in contrast to/with 和…形成对比by contrast 对比之下

真题重现：The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each making one major point in contrast with the other.这篇论文开头和结尾使用了两篇新闻报道，他们的观点形成了有力的对照。 (1996词汇)

By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine. 相比之下，个人的成长过程要难以决定得多。(1995阅读)

造句：In contrast to their pessimism, I myself was feeling a remarkable euphoria.

与他们的悲观情绪相反，我却感到异常欣快。

She seems prettier by contrast with her sister.

她与她妹妹相比似乎更美些。

contribute to 有助于

contribute原始涵义：及物动词 vt. & 不及物动词 vi.

1.捐献, 捐助, 贡献出，捐赠

I contributed a pound towards Jane’s leaving present.

我凑了一英镑给简买告别礼物。

2.撰稿, 投稿，讲话，发表意见

She regularly contributes to the college magazine.

她定期给校刊投稿。

不及物动词 vi.起促成作用

Various factors contributed to his downfall.多种因素导致了他的垮台。

真题重现：I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. 我之所以将其排除在外，是因为，尽管他的成就可能有助于解决道德问题，但他只有义务研究那些问题的事实层面。(2006翻译)

造句：The new economic policy will contribute to reducing the inflation.

新的经济政策将有助于遏制通货膨胀。

under control (被)控制住out of control无法控制

control原始涵义：

1.控制, 抑制, 支配

He tried to control me.他试图支配我。

2.管理, 操纵

A captain controls his ship and its crew.船长管理他的船和船上的船员。

1.控制, 支配, 管理

She argued for import control.她主张实行进口限制。

2.管理手段

She explained the controls of the washing machine.她解释了这台洗衣机的控制系统。

造句：Eventually the fire was under control. 火势终于被控制住了。

The mine car was out of control and fell into the river.矿车失去控制，掉进了河里。

at one’s convenience在方便的时间或地点.be convenient to/for 对…方便

同义替换：= where and when it suits one

convenient原始涵义：

adj. 方便的, 便利的, 合适的

I have to find a convenient location for the shelves.

我得找一合适的地方放这些书架。

造句：Come at your earliest convenience. 你方便的时候请尽早光临。

It is convenient to send for electronic greeting cards on the Internet.

在网上订购电子贺卡很方便。

convince sb. of 使某人确信,try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做…

同义替换：= cause sb. to believe or feel certain =to persuade sb

convince原始涵义：vt. 使相信; 使明白，使确信，使信服

Compulsion will never result in convincing them.

强迫永远不会使他们信服。

persuade原始涵义：及物动词 vt. & 不及物动词 vi. 说服, 劝告

I shall persuade him to take the medicine.

我将说服他把药吃下去。

真题重现：Tom’s mother tried hard to persuade him to back down from his intention to invest his savings in stock market.汤姆的妈妈尽力说服他放弃将积蓄投入股市的打算。 (1999词汇)

I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat refusal. 我尽力说服他加入我们组，但遭到他的断然拒绝。 (1997词汇)

造句：He tried to convince them of the safety of travelling by airplane.

他想要使他们相信乘飞机旅行的安全。

cope with应付, 处理

同义替换：= deal with=try to find a solution to

cope原始涵义：vi. 成功地应付; 对付

He had a lot of work, but he was able to cope.

他的活虽多, 但还能应付得来。

真题重现：Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome，or just plain nasty. 人类在获得创造力以来，一直在设计越来越灵巧的工具，以应付危险、乏味、繁重或令人厌恶的工作。 (2002阅读)

造句：He can cope with the present situation.

他能够应付当前的局势。

in the corner(of)在角落里;on(at) the comer of a street在街道拐弯

处;round the comer拐过弯; be in a tight corner陷入困境

corner原始涵义：n. 1.角, 角落

A square has four corners.正方形有四个角。

2.困境, 窘境

She will need luck to get out of a tight corner like that.

她要靠运气才能摆脱那样的困境。

驾车转弯, 拐弯

My new car corners beautifully.我的新车转弯性能很棒。

1.垄断, 囤积

They’ve cornered all the business.他们已控制了所有的买卖。

2.逼入困境, 使落入圈套（或陷阱）

The police finally cornered the thief.警察终于把那个小偷逼入一个角落。

造句：In the corner of the room there was a small buffet.

在屋子的一个角落里有一只小碗橱。

My father helped me when I was in a tight corner.

我处于困境时我父亲帮助了我。

correspond (with)通信

同义替换：= exchange letters regularly

correspond原始涵义：vi. 1.相符合, 相一致

2.相当, 相类似

3.通信 The two sisters correspond every week.这两姐妹每周通信。

造句：If you correspond regularly，you won’t be out of touch. 如果你们定期通信就不会失去联系。

correspond to 相当于. correspond with 符合,一致

造句：Her expenses do not correspond to her income. 她的收入与支出不相称。

I assure you my actions will correspond with my words.我向你保证,我将言行一致。

at all costs不惜任何代价. at the cost of 以…为代价

cost原始涵义：n.

1.价钱，价格；代价；费用；成本

At last I bought the film rights of a novel at a moderate cost.

最终我以适中的价格买下了把小说改编成电影的版权。

2.牺牲，代价，损失

We must finish the work at all costs before midnight.

无论付出什么样的代价, 我们必须在午夜前完成这项工作。

vi.价钱为; 花费

The sofa really cost.那沙发可真值钱。

1.付出(代价), 失去

The work cost me a lot of time and effort.这本著作花费了我大量的时间和精力。

2.估价

Has this project been costed? 这项工程估价了吗?

真题重现：Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.无论如何都要取得成功，但要避免显得野心勃勃。 (2000阅读)

造句：It will be at the cost of human liberty. 那将以人的自由为代价。

a matter of course 理所当然的事

course原始涵义：n.

1.课程

The college course was then cut to three years.大学学制那时缩短到三年。

2.进程, 过程

3.航向, 航线

The ship has altered its course.这艘船改变了航线。

造句：Same took his long days as a matter of course.

岁月悠长，桑姆这样过日子已习以为常了。

as a matter of course 当然地, 自然地

造句：He took his duty as a matter of course.

他把自己的责任视为当然的事。

in (during) the course 在…过程中

真题重现：Probably there is no one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning.在座的诸位中，大概不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动。 (1993翻译)

造句：My heart beat thick in the course of the interview.

在面试过程中我的心跳得厉害。

in due course没经过太久, 到一定时候

同义替换：= without too much delay

造句：If we sow the seed now, in due course we will have the flowers.

如果我们现在播下种子,到时候会开花的。

on credit赊购; with credit以优异成绩; to one’s credit使某人感到光荣; do sb. credit 使…感到光荣

credit原始涵义：

1.赊购; 赊购制度

We bought the furniture on credit. 我们赊购了家具。

2.存款; 存款数额

My account is in credit.我的银行账目有存款。

3.借款; 贷款

They established a credit for 100, 000 dollars in favour of me.

他们给我10万美元贷款来帮助我。

4.赞扬, 荣誉, 功劳

I gave her credit for being sensible.我称赞她很明智。

She took credit for my work.她把我的工作看作她的功劳。

5.信任, 相信

Do you place any credit in the government’s story?你相信政府的说法吗?

1.相信, 信任

I can barely credit what he said.我简直不能相信他说的话。

2.把…记入贷方, 存入(账户)

The bank credited 50,000 dollars to us. 那家银行贷了五万元给我们。

3.认为是…的功劳；把…归于

She aways credited her distinctive character to her parents.

她总是把自己独特的性格归功于父母。

造句：Judging by his testimonials I think he will fill the post with credit

从他的鉴定书来看，我认为他会称职的。

170．be critical of 爱挑毛病的，批评的

critical原始涵义：adj.

1.决定性的, 关键性的, 危急的

We are at a critical time in history.我们正处在历史的危急时刻。

2.批评的, 批判的

We must inherit in a critical way.我们要以批判的方式继承。

造句：He is critical of grammar in the speech of other persons.

他爱挑剔别人话语中的语法错误。

cure sb. of+某种疾病治好某人的疾病

cure原始涵义：vt.

1.治愈, 治好(人或动物)；治好（疾病）

He says he can cure me but I still doubt him.他说他能治好我的病, 但我还是不相信他。

2.消除, 矫正

1.治愈, 治疗, 疗程

The doctor can’t guarantee a cure.医生不能保证治愈。

2.药物; 疗法

3.（解决问题、改善糟糕情况等的）措施，对策

造句：You’ll never cure him of his meanness;it’s in his bones.

你决不可能治好他那小气的毛病，他本性就是如此。

172．a danger to对…的危险; be in danger(of)处于…危险中; be out of danger脱离危险

danger原始涵义：n. 危险, 风险

In case of danger, raise the electric alarm.如果有危险, 就拉响电动警报器。

造句：I have called out several times when I sensed we were in danger.我感觉我们面临危险时，我喊了几次。 (《心灵鸡汤》)

We cheered at the news that the hostages was out of danger. 得知人质脱险的消息后，我们欢呼起来。

to date到目前为止

同义替换：= so far= until now

date原始涵义：n.

1.(注明的)日期, 日子, 年份

March 6 is the date of his death.他死的日期是三月六日。

2.时代, 年代

At that date there were no airplanes.那时还没有飞机。

3.约定, 约会

1.记载日期于

Please date your letters to me in future.以后请在你给我的信上写明日期。

2.鉴定…的年代

I can’t date the pot exactly, but it must be very old.

我不能精确断定这个罐子的年代, 不过时间一定很久远了。

3.过时；不流行

及物动词 vt. & 不及物动词 vi. 与人约会, 相约

They have been dating for months.他们两个人彼此约会已经有好几个月了。

1.属于某一特定时期，属于过去年代，追溯(根源)

The architecture dates as far back as 1950.这座建筑物早在 1950 年就建成了。

2.从某时起计算日期，从某个时间开始有，始自某时间

The custom dates from the days when women wore longer skirts.

这种习惯始自妇女穿较长裙子的时期。

3.记载日期；注有(或注明)日期

The letter dates from 2002.这封信注明是2002年的信。

造句：We must work out how much we’ve spent to date.我们必须算出迄今为止我们花了多少钱。

out of date过时的；up to date新式的,时兴的; date back to可追溯到; date from从某时期开始(有)

造句：It was out of date for Youth to defer to Age.

要青年对老年恭顺，现在是过时了。

He is very up to date in his methods of language teaching.

他的语言教学法是最新式的。

Our present ideas about the motion of Bodies date Back to Galileo and Newton

我们目前关于物体运动的观念来自于伽利略和牛顿。

Specimens from Egypt date from the 14th century BC.

出自埃及的一些实物,其时代可远溯至公元前14世纪。

deal with处理、论及

同义替换：= concern

deal原始涵义：vt.

分配，分给，分派，把…分成份额2. [美国俚语]非法地买卖(毒品)
2. 经营，交易；出售，卖
(一笔)交易，买卖；一揽子交易
许多；大量；极大程度 (通常前置 good或great)
(有效地或成功地)处理；考虑(通常与with连用)
论述，谈及，讨论，谈论；谈到，涉及；和…有关，有关联(通常与with或in连用)
惩处；采取行动(通常与with或in连用)

真题重现：They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. 他们应该懂得如何应对挫折、压力和空虚。(2007阅读)

When you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. 在涉及神话问题时，我们很难做到正确或科学。 (1998阅读)

造句：He will give you a blank check to deal with the problem.

他会给你处理这个问题的自主权力的。

be in debt to sb. 欠…的债

debt原始涵义：n.

债, 债务, 欠他人的东西2. 负债情况3. 人情债；情义；恩情

真题重现：I don’t want to lend any more money to him; he’s already in debt to me. 我不想再借钱给他，因为他已经欠我的钱了。 (1992词汇)

造句：He’ s in debt to the bank because he bought that big house.

他因买下那座大房子而欠银行的债。

on the decline 在衰退中, 在减少中in decline 下降; on the increase 在增加

decline原始涵义：n.

下降, 减少, 衰退2. 下倾，倾斜，下垂；斜坡，斜面3. (力量、健康、品格、权力、价值等的)衰退，衰落，衰微，衰败；减退；堕落
& vi. 辞谢; 谢绝(邀请等)
(太阳)落下2. (道路、物体等)下倾，下降，歪斜，倾斜3. (如一日)接近终了，接近结束，接近末尾，近尾声，行将完结；消逝4. (在品格、价值上)降低，降落，减退；走下坡路5. 缩小；衰弱；消失6. 堕落；沦落7. 屈尊，降落
减少；下降；衰弱；衰退
（根据名词、形容词或代词在句中的作用）变格，使发生词形变化
拒绝，拒不(做、进入、考虑等)
使倾斜，使下倾，使下降；使低垂，使下垂；使歪斜

造句：The number of robbery in the area is on the decline.

这地区的劫案在减少。

He is one of the aristocrats in decline.

他是没落的贵族。

Cinema attendances are distinctly on the increase.

电影观众在明显地增加。

to one’s delight 令某人感到高兴to one’s regret 遗憾; sorrow悲痛; relief 安心; distress 苦恼; shame羞愧; surprise 惊奇; astonishment 惊奇;

造句：To his great delight, his novel was accepted for publication.

使他极为高兴的是他的小说被接受出版了。

To his regret, he couldn’t catch the train.

他没能赶上火车, 很后悔。

To their surprise, the so-called investor is a swindler.

令他们吃惊的是，那个所谓的投资商是骗子。

delight in喜欢, 取乐

同义替换：= take great pleasure in doing sth.

delight原始涵义：

1. 快乐, 高兴2. 使人高兴的东西或人
使高兴, 使欣喜
感到高兴[快乐]

造句：He seems to delight in making other people suffer.

他似乎喜好使他人受苦。

take (a) delight in 喜欢干…, 以…为乐

造句：People still take delight in talking about the legendary story.

那个传奇般的故事至今为人津津乐道。

demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求(非物质的)东西. demand sth. from sb. 向某人要求(物质的)东西

demand原始涵义：

1.强烈要求

She demanded a room all to herself.她强烈要求自己一个人住一个房间。

2.需要

The rocket at this speed demands great power.这种速度的火箭需要很大的动力。

1.(顾客的)需求、需要

There’s an increased demand for organic produce these days

目前对有机农产品有更大的需求。

2.(坚决的)要求, 所需求之物

It is our demand that she should go there.她到那里去是我们的要求。

3.(尤指困难、使人劳累、令人烦恼等的）要求

造句：the consumers may demand compensation from them or from the holders of the business licences. 消费者可以向其要求赔偿，也可以向营业执照的持有人要求赔偿。

182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时

造句：Cold drinks are in demand in the summer.

夏季需要清凉饮料。

The bill is payable on demand. 这张支票，来取即付。

be dependent on 依靠

dependent原始涵义：adj.

1.依靠的, 依赖的

He has a mother completely dependent on him.他有一个完全靠他赡养的母亲。

2.取决于…的

It is largely dependent on the weather.这多半取决于天气情况。

造句：In China farming is no longer entirely dependent on the weather.

在中国种田不再完全靠天了。

deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物

deprive原始涵义： vt. 剥夺；使丧失；使不能享有

This law will deprive us of our most basic rights.这条法律将剥夺我们最基本的权利。

真题重现：Blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.黑人经常被剥夺白人所享有的许多教育和其他环境优势。 (1990翻译)

造句：His constant taking center stage could deprive him of his privacy.

他好出风头的毛病让他毫无隐私可言。

derive…from从…取得,由…来的.derive from起源于

同义替换：= obtain…from从…取得,由…

=come from起源于

derive原始涵义：及物动词 vt. & 不及物动词 vi.

1.得到; （从…中）得到获得

He derives his income from freelance work.他以自由职业获取收入。

2.源于

He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father.

他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。

3.（从…中）提取

及物动词 vt.

1.取得，获得；导出；形成 (from)

He derives great satisfaction from his stamp collection.他从集邮中得到极大的满足。

2.引(申)出，推论出，推断，推知，推究(from)

真题重现：“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of”.“人类学”起源于希腊语中的字anthropos“人，人类”和logos“研究”。 (2003翻译)

造句：The two attitudes derive from different historical perspectives.

这两种态度产生于不同的历史观点。

despair of 绝望

同义替换：= lose all hope of

despair原始涵义：名词 n.

1.绝望

Defeat after defeat filled us with despair.一次又一次的失败使我们完全绝望了。

2.使人绝望的人(或事物)

The boy is the despair of his teachers.这男孩使老师们感到无可救药。

绝望,失去希望,丧失信心

Don’t despair; things will get better soon.不必绝望, 事情不久就会好起来。

造句：He began to despair of success.

他开始不抱成功的希望。

in despair 绝望

真题重现：Consumers say they’re not in despair because their own fortunes still feel pretty good. 消费者认为，他们并没有绝望，因为他们的运气仍然很好。(2004阅读)

造句：He was in despair when he spent the last of his money.

他把最后的一点儿钱花掉以后感到绝望了。

in spite of不管, 尽管

【Tips】该短语后面只能跟名词或者名词词组，不能接句子。

同义替换：=despite= regardless of

spite原始涵义：名词 n.

恶意,怨恨

The boy has a spite against me.这个男孩对我有恶意。

真题重现：In spite of “endless talk of difference” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.尽管总是有关于差异的言论，美国社会却是同化人的神奇机器。 (2006阅读)

造句：In spite of the panic, she remained serene and in control.

尽管人心惶惶, 但她却泰然自若。

in detail 详细地

detail原始涵义：n.

1.细目, 细节; 小事

If you’re interested in the job, I’ll send you all the details.

如果你对这工作感兴趣, 我将寄给你全部的说明。

2.各种细节, 详情

He has a good eye for detail and notices almost everything.

他明察秋毫, 几乎一切事情都注意到了。

1.提供…的细节，说明详情，详细说，详述

The computer’s characteristics are fully detailed in the brochure.

计算机的性能在这小册子里有详尽说明。

2.列举，逐一说明，逐条告知

The policeman detailed the events leading up to the robbery.

警察列举了这件抢劫案的作案过程。

真题重现：The specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。 (1996翻译)

造句：Each principle is discussed in detail below.

我们将在下面详细地讨论每个原则。

deviate from 偏离, 不按…办

deviate原始涵义：不及物动词 vi.

偏离; 越轨

His statements sometimes deviated from the truth.

他的陈述有时偏离事实。

造句：Don’t deviate from the rules. 不要背离规则。

on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食, 节食

diet原始涵义：名词 n.

1.日常饮食，日常食物

2.规定饮食，规定饮食的时期

& vi. (使)节制饮食 He is dieting.他在节食。

不及物动词 vi.

节食；进规定饮食

造句：You must go on a diet because you are too fat.

你必须限定饮食因为你太胖了。

differ from…in 与…的区别在于…

differ原始涵义：vi.

1.不同, 有异

Nylon and silk differ.尼龙与丝绸不同。

2.持异议

The two brothers differed about politics.这兄弟俩政见不同。

真题重现：When at four, a child’s language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.(1993 阅读)

造句：Things in the world differ from each other in a thousand ways.

世界上的事物是千差万别的。

in difficulties…有困难,处境困难,

造句：You can always fall back upon him when in difficulties

遇到困难时，你随时可以找他帮忙。

discharge sb. (from)…for 因…解雇, 开除

同义替换：= dismiss sb. From… for

discharge原始涵义：vt.

1.卸船

2.偿还

He has discharged his debts.他已把债务偿清。

3.执行; 履行

She discharged all the responsibilities of a minister conscientiously.

她自觉地履行部长的一切职责。

4.免…的职，撤职；解雇，开除；使退伍

The boss discharged her because of her absence.老板因她缺勤而把她解雇了。

fall back 撤退; in disorder 慌乱地, 狼狈不堪

fall back同义替换：= retreat=turn back

造句：Our attack was so vigorous that the enemy had to fall back.

我们的进攻是那样猛烈，使得敌人不得不撤退。

Badly beaten, the intruders fell back in disorder.

入侵者受到重创，狼狈溃退。

on display陈列

同义替换：= being shown publicly

display原始涵义：n.

1.陈列, 展览

A new kind of car was on display in the shop.商店里展出一种新汽车。

2.陈列的货物、艺术品等

The displays in Harrods are one of the sights in London.

哈罗德百货公司的陈列品是伦敦一景。

vt.

1.陈列, 展览

2.显示, 显露

The young woman proudly displayed her furs.那个年轻女人骄傲地炫耀她的皮衣。

造句：The paintings on display are indeed feasts for the eyes.

展出的绘画实在是好看极了。

dispose of处理掉

同义替换：= get rid of=throw away

dispose原始涵义： vt. & vi.去掉，舍弃，处理; 处置

He disposed his books on the shelves.把书籍排列在书架上。

vt.

1.布置; 排列; 安排

They disposed troops along the river.他们沿着河布署军队。

2.使愿意或准备做; 使倾向于; 使有意于; 使易于

His criminal records do not dispose me to trust him.他的前科迫使我无法信任他。

造句：He was forced to dispose of his art treasures.

他被迫处理（舍弃）掉自己的艺术珍藏。

beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议

dispute原始涵义：vt. & vi.辩论; 争论

Some husbands and wives are always disputing.有些夫妇总是争吵。

n.辩论, 争端, 争执

We had a dispute about how much money he owed me.我们就他欠我多少钱一事进行了一番争论。

真题重现：That the plates ale moving is beyond dispute. 板块在移动，这是无可争议的事实。 (1998阅读)

造句：This dictionary is the best one beyond dispute.

这本字典无疑是最好的。

in dispute 在争议中

造句：The exact cause of the accident is still in dispute.

事故的真正起因仍有争议.

in the distance 在远处. make out 辩认出

in the distance造句：

Somebody is calling us in the distance. 远处有人在呼唤我们。

make out造句：

①辨认，区分

They can make out the letters beyond the fence. 透过篱笆，他们能辨认出那些字母。

②理解，了解

I don’t quite make out why you like this young lady.我不太理解你为什么喜欢这位年轻女士。

③开列；书写

Father made out a cheque for $65 for Tom. 父亲给汤姆开了一张65美元的支票。

(be) distinct from与…截然不同

同义替换：= be different from

distinct原始涵义：n.

1.区别, 明显差别, 特征

I can’t see any distinction between these two cases.

我看不出这两个案例有什么不同。

2.卓越, 优秀, 盛名

He is a writer of real distinction.他是一位真正才智超群的作家。

3.荣誉, 殊荣, 奖赏

These are the highest distinctions that have ever been given by our government.

这些是我国政府迄今授予的最高荣誉称号。

造句：The two issues are distinct from each other.

这是两个截然不同的问题。

distinguish between 辨别

同义替换：= make or recognize differences

distinguish原始涵义： vt. & vi.

1.辨别, 区别，区分，分清

Can you distinguish the twins apart?

你能分辨这对双胞胎吗?

及物动词 vt.

1.显扬自己, 使自己扬名

He distinguished himself in physics.他在物理方面享有盛名。

2.成为…的特征；使具有…的特色；使有别于

3.看清；认出；听出

4.使出众；使著名；使受人青睐

5.(凭任何感觉器官)识别出，辨认出，辨别出；发现；挑出

It is hard to distinguish him from his twin brother.很难辨认出他和他的孪生兄弟。

真题重现：The arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids.逼真的机器人的出现将意味着人们可能无法区分自己的朋友和机器人。(2001翻译)

造句：His mind could no longer distinguish between illusion and reality.

他的头脑已经不再能分清幻觉和现实。

distinguish…from 把…与…区别开

造句：How do you distinguish these three parts from one another?

你怎么分辨这三个部分呢？

do away with除去,废除,取消; do away with杀掉, 镇压

同义替换：= get rid of=abolish= discard eliminate除去,废除,取消;

=kill杀掉, 镇压

造句：The new headmaster decided to do away with some old rules. 新上任的校长决定废除学校的一些旧规定。

have…to do with 与…有关系

造句：What did this have to do with my daughter’s wedding?

这跟我女儿的婚礼有什么关系?

without doubt无可置疑地

同义替换：= undoubtedly

造句：He is without doubt the cleverest student I’ve ever taught.

他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的.

in doubt对…表示疑惑

同义替换：= in a condition of uncertainty

造句：Their acceptance of the contract is still in doubt.

他们是否接受那合同还说不准.

be due to 是由于

due原始涵义：adj.

1.应支付[给予]的

The rent is due tomorrow.明天该付房租了。

2.应有的, 应得到的

3.到期的

4.预定, 预期

The boat is due to arrive at 12.船预计在12点到。

真题重现：Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is partly due to .variations in the output of solar energy.虽然北半球燃料的消耗比较大，但那里的气温似乎在下降。部分原因是太阳能输出量的变化。(1992阅读)

造句：The delay is due to the shortage of hands.

事情耽搁下来是由于人手不足。

come off duty 下班

造句：I come off duty in half an hour.

半小时以后我会下班。

go on duty 上班

造句：We go on duty at six in the morning and work until 2:00 a.m..

我们早晨6点上班，一直工作到凌晨2点。

be on duty 值班, 值日, 在上班时

造句：A policeman must not smoke while he is on duty.

警察当班值勤时不得抽烟。

be in duty bound to (do)有义务(做)

同义替换：= be required by one’s job or esp. by conscience

造句：We are in duty bound to help the blind to cross the street.

我们应帮助盲人过街。

be eager for 想得到, 盼望

eager原始涵义：adj.

热切的, 渴望的，渴求的

She listened with eager attention.她聚精会神地倾听。

He is eager about his studies.他对自己的研究很热心。

造句：She is eager for success. 她渴望成功。

by ear凭记忆,不看乐谱

同义替换：= play music from memory without having seen it printed

造句：She could play by ear prettily.

她不看乐谱，光凭听觉记忆就能演奏得很好。

have an ear for对..有鉴赏力

同义替换：= have keen recognition of sounds esp. in music and language

造句：Any singer needs to have an ear for music.

任何歌唱家都要对音乐十分敏感。

a word in one’s ear 私房话, 秘密话

造句：William promised to have a word in the manager’s ear and persuade him to give the order to his uncle.

威廉答应私下在经理面前美言几句，说服他把这定单交给他的叔叔做。

on earth 究竟, 到底, 全然

造句：How on earth did you manage to get the car started?

你到底是怎么把汽车发动起来的？

with ease容易, 不费力

同义替换：= easily

ease原始涵义：n.

1.容易; 轻易; 不费劲

They are expected to win the election with ease.

预计他们在竞选中能够轻易获胜。

2.舒适, 安逸, 自在, 无忧无虑

& vi.

1.(使)减轻, 舒缓

The pain began to ease.疼痛开始减轻了。

及物动词 vt.

1.使安心, 使宽慰

The news that her child was safe eased her mind.孩子平安的消息使她放心了。

2.小心缓慢地移动位置

造句：Their team won the game with ease.

他们队轻松地赢了那场比赛。

at (one’s) ease 自在,不拘束

同义替换：= without worry or nervousness

造句：With our work done, we felt much at ease.

工作做完后，我们觉得好轻松。

put sb. at his her ease使某人感到无拘束

同义替换：= free sb. from worry or nervousness

造句：The dentist soon put the small girl at ease.

牙医很快使小女孩的情绪放松了。

economize on节省

同义替换：= save sth. instead of being wasteful

economize原始涵义：vi.节省;减少开支

We’ve economized as much as possible,but to little great avail,since we still owe a lot of money.

我们尽可能节俭,但没什么用,因为我们仍然欠了一大笔债。

造句：He’d rather economize on clothes and food than travel.

他宁愿俭衣节食，而不愿节省旅游开销。

have an effect on 对…有影响

真题重现：Even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect On pump prices than in the past. 即使原油价格大幅度增长，这对汽油价格的影响也没有过去那么大了。 (2002阅读)

造句：What you say or do will have an effect on others.

你所说或所做的每一件事都会对别人产生影响。

be in effect 有效

同义替换：= be in operation

造句：Initially the contract will be in effect for 3 years.

最初契约的有效期为三年。

go into effect 生效.

【Tips】短语不能用于被动语态；主语一般为非人的主语。

同义替换：= come into effect=take effect= be brought into effect

造句：

These Regulations shall go into effect as of December 1, 1987.

本条例自１９８７年１２月１日起施行。

These rights come into effect upon sending the image.发送图片后，你就可以行使这些权利了。

in effect 实际上

同义替换：= in fact=really

真题重现： ①有效

【例句】The regulations are still in effect after working for 20 years. 这些规章在实施20年以后仍然有效。

②实际上

【例句】Although the Supreme Court ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”. 虽然最高法院认为，宪法没有规定医生可以协助病人自杀，但法院实际上支持了医学界“双重影响”的原则。 (2002阅读)

造句：Such a procedure is, in effect, deciding upon the weight of the total evidence.

实际上，这样的程序决定于全部事实资料的影响力。

give effect to 实行,使…生效

同义替换：= carry out

造句：The new ruling give effect to the recommendation of the special committee.

这一新裁定使特别委员会的推荐生效。

to no effect 不起作用,没有取得任何效果

造句：She frowned and frowned, but to no effect.

她把眉头皱了又皱。但是什么效果也没有。

(be) of no effect 无效

同义替换：= useless

造句：All our efforts were of no effect.

我们一切努力都无用。

to the effect that 大意是…,主要内容是…

造句：He made a declaration to the effect that he would soon resign.

他发表一项声明,大意是他将很快辞职。

to that effect 是那个意思的…

造句：He told me to get out, or words to that effect.

他说了一句叫我走开之类的话.

emerge from出现, 暴露(问题. 意见等)

同义替换：= appear= become known

emerge原始涵义：vi.

1.出现; 显出; 暴露

The submarine at last emerged.那艘潜艇终于浮出了水面。

2.(从困苦、逆境、贫穷、微贱等中)挣脱出来，从…中脱颖而出，露头，出头(from)

Many distinguished men have emerged from slums.很多名人都出身于贫民区。

真题重现： The driver brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street. 司机猛踩刹车以让从边道出现的汽车通过。 (1992阅读)

造句：The rabbit will not emerge from its hole while you are there.

你在那儿,兔子是不会出洞的。

place an emphasis on 强调, 把重点放在…上

同义替换：= put/lay an emphasis on

造句：And schools are beginning to place emphasis on using computers to teach students.

目前学校全力以赴，非常注重各科的电脑教学进展。

encourage sb. in 鼓励; encourage sb. in his/her work 鼓励某人工作; encourage sb. in his/her idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲

encourage原始涵义：vt.

1.鼓励, 激励;支持

Teachers often encourage class participation.

教师常鼓励学生积极参与

2.促进, 助长, 激发

鼓动；劝告；怂恿

造句：Don’t encourage hin in his idle ways.

不要助长他的懒惰。

encourage sb. in …with sth. 用…鼓励某人做某事

造句：We encouraged our baseball team with loud cheers.

我们大声欢呼来鼓励我们的棒球队。

on end 连续地

同义替换：= continuously

end原始涵义：n.

1.最后部分, 末尾

We must fight on until the end.我们必须战斗到底。

2.端, 尽头, 梢

3.终止, 结局

Don’t give away the end of the story.别把故事结局说出来。

4.〈正〉结果, 目标, 目的

Do the ends justify the means?

只要目的正当就可以不择手段吗?

5.死去

That face called up in his mind the image of his end wife.

那张脸使他想起了他亡妻的形象。

& vi.

结束; 终止

The road ends here.此路到此为止。

造句：Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end.

有些戏因为演出成功而连续上演几年。

(be) at an end结束了

同义替换：= finished

造句：The war was at an end.

战争结束了.

no end of很多,大量

同义替换：= very=many=much

造句：He has no end of books.

他的书多得不能再多了。

in the end最终

同义替换：= finally= eventually

造句：It is stable in the end, so it does not break down.

这体系最终是稳定的，所以它没有瓦解。

at one’s wit’s end无法可想, 智穷计尽

同义替换：= not knowing what to do or to say

造句：In all honesty I’m at my wit’s end. 说实话，我现在是智穷计尽。

end up with 以…而结束

造句：Alcoholics can end up with a shrunken brain, which is linked to dementia.

饮酒过量者最终会导致大脑萎缩，造成痴呆。

come to an end结束

同义替换：= finish

造句：The meeting has come to an end. 会议结束了。

end in 以…为结束

造句：Promising beginnings end in grotesque disappointments.

充满希望的开端却以古怪的失望而告终。

engage in 或be engaged in 忙于,从事

engage原始涵义：vt.

1.从事，参加；使忙碌；吸引住（注意力、兴趣）

2.(用诺言、誓言、保证、合同、契约等)约束(自己)；约定；许诺；保证；使负有责任(或义务)；对(债务等)给以担保

She engaged herself to repay her debt within two months.

她答应在两个月内偿还她的债务。

3.[现只用于被动语态]使受婚约的约束，使订婚，同…订婚 (to)

They were engaged last month.

他们上个月订了婚。

4.使卷入；使参与，使参加

She engaged him in conversation.她正和他谈话。

vi.

1.订婚

Jimmy Lin and his model girlfriend Kelly Chen got engaged last year.

林志颖和他的模特女友陈若仪去年订婚了。

2.保证，担保；承担义务；答应，允诺 (for)

I was unwilling to engage on such terms.根据这样的条件我不愿答应。

3.从事，参加；忙于；卷入 (in)

4.受聘，受雇，被雇 (in)

真题重现：Some scientists ale engaged in the study of population. 一些科学家致力于研究人口问题。 (1998阅读)

造句：They also engage in various kinds of sideline production.

他们也从事各种副业生产。

enter for报名参加

同义替换：= put the name on a list for

enter原始涵义：vt. & vi.

1.进来，进入, 进去

More and more people entered and the train was crowded.

越来越多的人上了火车, 火车非常拥挤。

The train entered a tunnel.火车进入了隧道。

2.参加, 加入

3.登记, 登录

She is entering her 25th year.她现年25岁。

造句：I shall enter for that new competiton.

我将报名参加那项新的比赛。

enter into开始(谈话, 谈判等)

同义替换：= begin

造句：He introduced himself to Mr.Wang,hoping to enter into conversition with him.

他向王先生作了自我介绍,想同他交谈。

enter on upon开始(一个时代. 一种生涯. 一段任期等)

同义替换：= begin

造句：We enter on a new era in our history. They entered upon the most dangerous part of the journey.

我们进入了历史上的新纪元。他们开始了旅行中最危险的阶段

be entitled to有权…,有资格…

同义替换：= be given the right to do sth.

entitle原始涵义：vt.

1.使有资格; 使有权

He entitled us to enter his office at any time.

他授权给我们可以随时进入他的办公室。

They are entitled to enjoy many advantages and privileges.

他们有资格享有许多优惠和特权。

2.给…题名

He entitled the book The Secret Garden.他把这本书定名为《秘密花园》。

造句：Prisoners are entitled to apply for parole.

囚犯有权申请假释。

be equal to 等于

造句：①相等的，同样的

【例句】 Now a lot of young women think they are equal to men. 现在，许多年轻女性认为她们与男性是平等的。

②胜任的，合适的

【例句】Henry is quite equal to running the office. 亨利有足够的能力管理这个部门。

be feel equal to =(某人)能胜任,能应付on equal terms平等地

同义替换：= have enough strength, ability etc. (某人)能胜任,能应付

=on and equal footing平等地

造句：She did not feel equal to receiving visitors

她不舒服，不能接待客人。

The treaty was concluded on equal terms.

在平等的基础上订立了条约。

be equipped with 装备有,装有

equip原始涵义：vt.

1.装备, 配备

They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.

他们带上两把利斧便朝森林走去。

2.使有能力, 使胜任

His evening study has equipped him for a career as a teacher.

夜校的学习使他能担任教师的工作。

造句：The engineers equipped the plane with a radar. 工程师给那架飞机配备了雷达。

(be) equivalent to相等于, 相当于

同义替换：= equal in value, amount, meaning

equivalent原始涵义：adj.

1.相等的, 相当的

There is no exactly equivalent French tense to the present perfect tense in English.

法语里没有和英语中的现在完成时完全对应的时态。

2.(数量、度量、价值、力量、意义、重要性等)均等的；同等重要的，等量的；等价的，等值的；等效的；等势的；同义的，等义的

造句：His reply is equivalent to a refusal.

他的回答等于是拒绝。

in essence本质上

同义替换：= in its/one’s nature

essence原始涵义：n.

1.本质, 实质, 要素

In the above chapter, we have learned what the essence of translation is.

在上一章中, 我们学习了翻译的本质。

2.(植物, 药物等)精髓, 精华，香精；精油

This factory produces essences.这家工厂生产香精。

造句：In essence, treat your subordinates fight, and they will literally die for you.

其实，只要你好好对待下属，他们就会为你卖命。

at all events 不论怎样, 无论如何

同义替换：= in spite of everything, in any case

event原始涵义：n.

1.事件, 大事

Next day the newspapers reported the event.第二天, 报纸报道了这个事件。

2.运动项目

Some 2000 athletes competed in 20 events.

约2000名运动员参加了20个项目的比赛。

造句：Lucy had an accident, but at all events she wasn’t killed.

露西出了车祸，但不管怎样，她死里逃生了。

in any event 无论如何, 不管(将来)怎么样

同义替换：= whatever happens in the future

造句：In any event, my feelings were hurt when I learned that he had fallen in love with someone else.无论如何，当知道他爱上了别人时，我的感情受到了伤害。

in the event that假如, 如果. in the event 结果, 实际情况是(常与but 连用)

同义替换：= if

造句：Customers shall be informed promptly in the event that nonconforming product has been shipped.

一旦装运了不合格品应立即通知客户.

in the event of万一,即使发生..时

同义替换：= in case of

造句：In the event of an emergency，please Huse the marked exits. 万一发生紧急情况，请走带有标志的安全出口。

except 除…以外; besides 除…以外还有..

造句：He goes to office every day except (on) Sunday.

他每天去办公, 星期天除外。

The salesman gets expenses besides his salary.

推销员除了薪水外还得津贴。

except除了。

同义替换：= but

造句：He never drinks except on special occasions.

除非在特别场合,他从不喝酒。

except for除…以外

同义替换：= apart from

真题重现：The gain in 1970s was the lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.除了大萧条那几年，美国在20世纪70年代所获得的财富在年度记录中是最少的。 (1998 阅读)

造句：Except for one minor incident, he seemed to be in excellent health.

他除了偶然发生过一次小病外，似乎非常健康。

(an) exception to …的例外

exception原始涵义：n.

1.例外，不包括在内的人（或物）

This is considered an exception to the rule.我们把这看作是该规则的例外。

2.规则的例外；例外的事物

造句：There is no exception to this rule. 这条规定没有例外。

with the exception of除去…., 除…以外

同义替换：= except, apart from

造句：I enjoyed all his novels with the exception of his last.

他的小说我都爱看, 只是最後一部除外.

in excess of超过

同义替换：= more than

excess原始涵义：adj.

1.超重的, 过量的; 额外的, 超额的, 附加的, 过度的

You’ll have to pay excess postal charges on this letter.这封信你必须付超重邮资。

1.超过, 过多之量

An excess of fat in one’s diet can lead to heart disease.

饮食中脂肪过量能导致心脏病。

2.过度, 过分, 过量, 超过

She has an excess of anger.她爱过度地生气。

造句：These storms, with winds in excess of 73 miles an hour, are called cyclones. 这种风速超过每小时73英里的风暴被称为龙卷凤。

exchange…for 以…交换

exchange原始涵义：n.

1.交换, 互换, 交流, 掉换

There have been numerous exchanges of views between the two governments.

两国政府间曾多次交换意见。

2.兑换, 汇率

The purpose was to halt the rise in the exchange rate of the Swiss franc.

目的在于制止瑞士法郎汇率上涨。

vt.

1.交换, 互换, 换掉，更换

You two boys exchange places.你们两个孩子交换一下位置。

2.交流

They exchanged experience at the meeting.

他们在会上交流经验。

vi.

1.交换，替换；交易；进行易货贸易，作物物交换

Things exchange for each other according to their cost of production.

根据各自的生产成本进行物物交换。

2.【金融业】(货币)交换，兑换

造句：What would you give me in exchange for my recorder?

我给你我的录音机,那你给我什么作为交换呢?

exclusive of不包括

同义替换：= not taking into account; without

exclusive原始涵义：adj.

1.高级的, 奢华的

He often goes to the exclusive restaurants.他经常去高级饭馆。

2.专用的; 独家的

This bathroom is for the President’s exclusive use.这间浴室是总统专用的。

3.排斥的；排他的

1.独家新闻, 独家报道

If you pay me ￡ 20, 000, I’ll give your paper the story as an exclusive.

你如果付给我2万英镑, 我就给你的报纸独家报道这件事。

2.专有物，独占物

造句：The price of the holiday is exclusive of accommodation.

度假费用未包括住宿费.

in excuse of 作为…的借口

造句：In excuse of his failure he says that he has not been well during the test

他以考试期间身体欠安来作为他失败的藉口

exert…on… 对…施加…

exert原始涵义：vt.

1.竭力；努力

He never exerts himself to help anyone.他从未尽力帮助别人。

2.运用, 发挥, 施加

He likes to exert his authority.他喜欢行使自己的权力。

造句：These separating flows exert tension on the ceiling.

这两股分开的气流对天花板施加一个压力。

exert oneself to do sth. 努力,使劲

造句：There are many things we have to exert ourselves to do; Here I will deal only with two fundamental aspects, the progress of the army and the progress of the people.

应该努力的事情很多，我这里只说最根本的两方面：军队和人民的进步。

come into existence (=begin to exist)开始存在; come into use开始使用; come into effect开始运转; come into fashion开始时新; come into action开始行动; come into power开始执政; come into sight进入视野;come into blossom开花;

真题重现：He also conceived that the solar system and the universe had come into existence by a natural process and would disappear one day. 他也认为，太阳系和宇宙是自然形成，所以有一天可能会消失。 (1994完形)

造句：When did this world come into existence? 这个世界何时产生的？

New things come into fashion all the time.

新产品总是很快就会流行起来。

These trees come into blossom early in the middle of summer.

这些树在仲夏时开花。

(be) in existence存在

造句：You are the most selfish, heartless creature in existence.

你是世界是最自私、最没良心的家伙。

expect…of 在…期望…

expect原始涵义：vt.

1.预料; 预期

She expects to fail the exam.她预料无法通过考试。

2.认为(某事)会发生; 认为(某人)会来; 预计

I expect a storm.我预计会有一场暴风雨。

3.理应得到; 期望, 期待; 期盼

We expect writers to produce more and better works.

我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。

4.猜想; 认为某事是真实的

I expect (that) you are tired from the trip.我想你旅途劳顿了吧。

造句：That is what the british people expect of their queen.

那就是英国人对他们女王的期望。

at the expense of在损害…情况下,以…为牺牲

expense原始涵义：n.

1.消耗, 花费

2.花费的钱, 费用, 开支, 花费

3.费用；价钱

4.花钱的东西；开销

5.（向雇主报销的）费用，开支，花销，业务费用

真题重现：①以…为代价

【例句】Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入或是反过来，这往往取决于把哪一方看作驱动力。 (1994翻译)

②由…付费，由…负担费用

【例句】This is just Wiltshire police cashing in at the expense of the thousands of motorists who pass through the county every day. 这只是威尔特郡警方收到的税款，这些税款由每天穿行于该郡的数千驾车者缴纳。 (BBC)

造句：It is wrong to aim at sheer quantity at the expense of quality.

片面地追求数量而忽视质量是错误的。

expose…to…使暴露于…, 使…受(危险,风险)

expose原始涵义： vt.

1.暴露；显露；露出

2.使面临，使遭受（危险或不快）

3.使遭受(特定情况)，使处于…的影响(或作用)之下；使接触到；使知悉，使了解 (to)

4.使暴露在空气(或寒冷、风雨、阳光等)中；使无遮蔽，使无保护 (to)

造句：He was going to expose their triviality once and for all.

他将彻底暴露他们的浅薄无能。

be exposed to… 面临…, 受到….

造句：I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature.我认为，女性所遭受的这类事情往往更持久、更频繁。

beyond expression无法形容, 说不出的

同义替换：= in a manner that cannot be expressed

expression原始涵义：n.

1.表示, 表现, 表达

He closed his letter with expression of grateful thanks.

他在那封信的结尾表达了自己的感激之情。

2.表情

All their expressions were not true.他们所有的表情都不是真的。

3.感情

Her voice lacked expression.她的声音缺乏感情。

4.词, 措辞, 词组

The fashionable remarks of today often become the commonplace expressions of tomorrow.今天的时髦话往往变成明天的陈词滥调。

造句：Joe’s delight was beyond expression.

乔斯的得意真是难以言语形容。

give expression to 表达, 表现find expression in 表现

造句：At last he find a proper way to give expression to his gratitude

最终他找到了适当的方式表达了自己的感激之情。

All these find expression in quick-decision offensive warfare on exterior lines in campaigns and battles and protracted defensive warfare on interior lines in strategy.

而一切这些，都表现于战役和战斗上的外线的速决的进攻战，同时也就表现于战略上的内线的持久的防御战之中。

to …extent 在…程度上

extent原始涵义：n.

1.长度, 面积, 范围

The new race track is nearly six miles in extent.这条新跑道将近六英里长。

2.程度, 限度

What’s the extent of the damage?损坏的程度如何?

造句：To some extent, I can understand their attitude.

我在某种程度上是能够理解他们的态度的。

in the extreme 极其

同义替换：= extremely

extreme原始涵义：adj.

1.(在)末端的；在尽头的；(离中心)最远的，最遥远的

She lived on the extreme edge of the forest.她住在森林的最边缘。

2.极度的, 极端的; 过激的；过分的

His views are rather extreme.他的见解相当偏激。

3.异乎寻常的；严重的；严厉的

极端, 过分，极度，极限

Joy and grief are extremes.喜与悲都是极端。

造句：This is inconvenient in the extreme.

这极不方便.

look sb. in the eye 正视, 打量(某人)

造句：Don’t look anybody directly in the eye but don’t look away from them either.

不要盯着任何人的眼睛看，但是不要故意把目光躲开好像不敢直视他们似的。

close (shut) one’s eyes to不理会,视而不见

造句：We cannot close our eyes to evil doers and evil deeds.

我们对坏人坏事决不能熟视无睹。

in one’s eye 在心目中, 在想象中

同义替换：=in one’s mind

造句：In his eye(s), this sum of money is nothing But small Beer

在他的眼里,这笔钱只是毛毛雨

in the twinkling of an eye 一眨眼,转眼间

造句：The development of things undergoes a myriad of changes in the twinkling of an eye.

事情的发展瞬息万变。

keep an eye on照看,监视

同义替换：= keep a watch on

造句：Would you keep an eye on my baby for me while I’m away?我不在时你能替我照看一下宝宝吗?

in the eyes of/in one’s eyes在某人看来, 在某人眼里

同义替换：= in the judgment of

造句：In the eyes of my parents, I’m forever a child.

在我父母的心目中,我永远是个孩子。

on the face of it表面看来

同义替换：= judging by what one can see

造句：On the face of it, the document seemed genuine.

从表面看，这文件像是真的。

in the face of 面对着(困难等情况)

造句：He took his courage in both hands in the face of danger.

他迎着危险勇往直前。

in one’s face当着某人的面; face to face面对面; face up to 大胆面向

造句：She threw the lie in his face.

她当面斥责他扯谎。

I met him face to face.

我和他正面相遇。

He had to face up to the fact that his family disapproved of his wife.

他必须面对家人不赞同婚事的事实。

fail in 失败

同义替换：= be unsuccessful in

fail原始涵义：

& vi.在…中失败

He failed to pass the examination through carelessness.由于粗心, 他考试没及格。

vi.

1.衰退, 衰弱

2.破产

3.不足, 短缺, 缺乏

The oil supply failed.石油供给不足。

vt.

1.辜负

2.忘记, 忽视, 未能

The car failed to climb the hill.这辆小汽车没能爬上山去。

n.考试不及格

Some college courses are graded in terms of either a pass or a fail.

有些大学课程按及格或不及格评分。

造句：By my calculation, 5% of the students will fail in the exam.

据我估计,百分之五的学生不能通过这次考试。

in good faith真诚地
同义替换：= honestly, sincerely

faith原始涵义：n.

1.信任; 信仰; 信心

Faith that justice would prevail impelled us forward.

正义必胜的信念激励着我们前进。

2.宗教信仰

信赖的事情；保证；诺言；约定，誓约

4.(对人或事的)信任，信心，信赖

5.忠诚，诚意；信义

感叹词 interj.实在，确实，的确

造句：He lent them the house in good faith.

他出于善意将房子借给了他们。

keep faith with 对…守信用

造句：Parents should keep faith with their children

父母应该对他们的孩子说话算数。

lose faith in 对…失去信心

造句：I feel you should never lose faith in yourself.

我觉得你永远不应对自己失去信心。

on faith 毫无怀疑地, 依赖地

造句：He looked so honest that we accepted his story on faith.

他那时看起来非常老实，所以我们就盲目地信了他的说法。

faithful to对…忠诚

同义替换：= loyal to

造句：He was faithful to me in weal and woe.

不管是在顺境或是在逆境,他一直对我忠诚。

fall into the habit (of) 养成…习惯

造句：It’s very easy to fall into the habit of smoking, but extremely difficult to stop.

要养成吸烟习惯很容易，但要戒掉却极其困难。

fall short of没达到, 低于

同义替换：= fail to reach a desired result, standard, etc.

真题重现：The official statistics on productivity growth fall short of businessmen’s anticipation.官方关于生产增产的统计没有达到商人们的预测。 (1998阅读)

造句：If you hold out a little longer, you will not fall short of success at the last stage.

再坚持一下就不至于功亏一篑了。

familiar with 熟悉,了解

造句：If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise. 如果住在大城市，你就会非常熟悉噪音带来的某些问题。

have a fancy for (没有道理地)喜欢, 想要

同义替换：= like sth. without the help of reason

fancy原始涵义：vt.

1.想像, 设想

Can you fancy yourself on the moon?你能想像自己登上月球是怎样一种情景吗?

2.想要, 喜欢

I don’t fancy this place at all.我一点也不喜欢这个地方。

3.猜想, 以为

She fancied herself nervous.她自以为神经衰弱。

1.设想, 空想, 幻想

He indulged in idle fancy.他沉溺于幻想之中。

2.想像力, 幻想力

Children usually have lively fancy.儿童往往有丰富的想像力。

3.爱好, 迷恋

I have a fancy for some wine with my dinner.我喜欢在晚餐时喝点酒。

adj.

1.昂贵的, 高档的

2.别致的, 花式的, 花哨的

The dress is too fancy for me.这件服装我穿太花哨了。

3.空想出来的，根据想象的；异想天开的

造句：I have a fancy for some wine tonight.

我今晚想喝点酒.

take a fancy to 喜欢

同义替换：= become fond of

造句：Have you take a fancy to your dog?

你喜欢上你的狗了吗？

by far 远, 非常(与比较级或最高级连用)

far原始涵义：adv.

1.到很远距离, 遥远地

They live into far beyond the hill.他们住在山那一边很远的地方。

2.久远地

He’s fallen far behind in his work.他的工作远远没有做完。

3.到很大程度, 很, 极

This book is far different.这本书很不一样。

4.（问到或谈及距离时说）有多远，远（至）

adj.

1.远的, 遥远的

France is far from China.法国离中国很远。

2.（某方向的）最远的，远端的

真题重现：①…得多，最

【例句】By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations.在学校中最糟糕的竞争方式是极力强调考试。 (1995阅读)

②到目前为止

【例句】They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15billion light years from earth.离地球大约150亿光年的一块狭长的巨大宇宙云系是科学家到目前为止发现的最大和最远的物体。

(1998翻译)

造句：

She is the best by far/She is by far the best.

她显然是最好的.

She outshone by far all the girls of her age.

她比她同年龄的姑娘们光彩照人得多。

far from 远远不是

造句：It’s far from perfect.

那还远远算不上完善。

far from 非但不…(而且)

【Tips】后面可以跟名词，形容词，或者动词的-ing形式。

真题重现：In fact, far from being strange, most of the gifted are mining their early promise into practical reality.事实上，并不奇怪的是，大多数有才能的人会把早期的承诺变成现实。 (1990阅读)

造句： Far from undermining this chivalry of age, the Chinese people have reinforced it.

对于老年人应受尊敬这一问题，中国人远非贬损它，而是强调它。

in fashion时兴,流行

同义替换：stylish, most modern 反义词：out of fashion

造句：he is always in fashion

after the fashion (of) 模仿，照着~~样子去做

同义替换：imitate

造句：It is a novel after the fashion of Graham Greene.

find fault with找毛病，对…吹毛求疵

同义替换：complain about; criticize

真题重现：Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised. 陪审团往往会对公司所承诺的赔偿严加挑剔。

造句：There you go, trying to find fault with me. 你又来这一套,老是想找我的岔。

at fault有错

同义替换：in the wrong, blamable

造句：I am quite at fault我完全错了。

in favour of 赞成、支持、有利于

同义替换：support 、in agreement with

真题重现But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism.但在20世纪初，有许多人类学家也摒弃了文化特殊主义论，转而支持传播论。(2009阅读)

造句：I am in favour of the suggestion. 我赞同这个建议。

306. be in favour with 受宠, 受偏爱
out of favour with 失宠, 不受宠

造句：she was out of favour with her neighbours

307. in one’s favour 对.有利

同义替换：to one’s advantage

造句：do extra work to get back in the teacher’s 做额外的课业以重新博得教师的欢心。

(be) favourable to有利的

同义替换： advantageous

造句： The weather is favourable to the winter crops. 天气有利于越冬作物。

fear for为…担心

同义替换：be afraid for the safety of sb. or sth

造句： I fear for the bidding. 我真担心这次招标不顺利。

for fear of以防, 由于怕

同义替换：in case of; because of anxiety about

造句：For fear of accidents, the driver drove very slowly. 因害怕发生事故，这位司机开得很慢。

in fear of 担心

同义替换：afraid for the safety of

造句： We are in fear of more snow. 我们怕再下雪。

feed (sb.) on sth. 靠吃…, 用…喂养

造句： sheep feed mostly on grass 羊以草为主食

be fed up with厌烦, 腻了

同义替换： be unhappy, tired about sth. dull

造句： People get fed up with anyone who brags all the time. 总是大吹大擂的人到哪里都遭人厌。

feel like想要

同义替换：have a desire for

造句： When the weather’s hot and humid, exercising may be the last thing you feel like doing. 当天气闷热潮湿时，你最不想做的事可能就是锻炼。

fill in 填写

同义替换：fill out

真题重现：Such an account can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks. 这种说明可以在填写规范的申请表时参照。 (1996阅读)

造句： Please fill in the receipt in duplicate. 请一式两份填写这张收据。

fill out ( =fill in )填写
set the world on fire有突出成就

同义替换：set the flames on fire、do sth. remarkable

造句： His invention set the world on fire. 他的发明轰动一时。

play with fire干冒险事、玩火

同义替换：take great risks

真题重现：In 400 A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that fell back to earth as rotation ceased.公元400年，中国的小孩玩一种扇状的玩具，当停止旋转时这种玩具就会掉在地上。(1997阅读)

造句： We never play with fire, and they never play with it, either. 我们从来不玩火，他们从来也不玩火。

set sth. on fire使..着火,放火

同义替换： set fire to sth.

造句： We haven’t found the one who set fire to the storage.我们还没有查出是谁放火烧的仓库。

He set the house on fire. 他放火烧房子。

at first sight乍一看,一见

同义替换： when first seen、at first glance

造句： After Peter grew a beard, even his close friends could not recognize him at first sight. 皮特留胡子以后，即使是他的好朋友，乍一看也没认出他来。

At first glance the problem seemed easy乍一看问题似乎很容易解决.

for the first time 第一次 (作状语)

同义替换：first time

造句： He shed tears for the first time. 他第一次流下了眼泪

in the first place 首先, 第一

同义替换：first of all、to begin with

造句： In the first place, television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparatively cheap one.首先，电视不仅是一种方便的娱乐方式，也是一种相当廉价的娱乐工具。该短语通常位于句首该短语通常位于句首，若后置，则多用逗号隔开，此时修饰其后的句子。

fit into 刚好放入
Fall in with合适, 相配, 一致碰见，不期而遇

同义替换：suit , fall into agreement

造句： I hope your ability falls in with your position. 我希望你的能力与职位相符。

Mike fell in with his girlfriend at a party. 迈克和他的女朋友是在一个晚会上偶然认识的。

fit into适合

同义替换：right and suitable for)

真题重现：Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture. 移民很快就融入了这种流行文化. (2006阅读)

造句： I fear I will not fit into any future我怕我会与未来的任何社会都格格不入。

focus on 集中在…上

同义替换：concentrate on

真题重现：But recently，many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.但最近，许多历史学家开始关注奴隶制度在开国一代人的生活中所起到的作用。(2008阅读)

造句：focus on economic development围绕经济建设这个中心

be fond of 喜欢

同义替换：like、love

造句： I am fond of shopping

(be) in force 有效 , 实施

造句： They attacked us in force. 他们大举进攻我们。

go into force 开始生效
by force 靠武力, 强行

造句： annex by force武力兼并

331. force…on 把…强加给…

造句：Don’t force your views on others. 不要把你的想法强加于人。

332. in the form. of 以…形式

同义替换：in the shape of

真题重现：A farmer must either sell some of his property or seek extra funds in the form of loans. 农民必须卖掉一部分财产或以贷款的方式弄到额外的资金。 (2000完形)

造句： assistance given in the form of money. 以金钱的形式给予援助。

333. be fortunate in 幸运,有好运气

同义替换： have good fortune|luck

造句： The Malays in Singapore can be said to be fortunate because it is rare that a minority ethnic group is being taken care of so much by the government. 新加坡的马来人可说是幸运的，少数民族受到政府如此照顾非常罕见。

334. free of charge 免费

造句： Application is free of charge. 申请费用全免。

335. be freed from 免受, 没有…

造句： YOU are free from blame。

336. in front of 在…前面 in the front of 在…前部

furnish…with 向…提供

同义替换：supply…with

原始涵义furnish:1、提供；2、为（房间等）配备家具

造句： To furnish with a disguise. 掩饰给予伪装

338. in general 通常

同义替换：in most cases, usually

造句： Many friend in general; one in special. 泛泛之交比比是；推心置腹仅一人。

339. catch (or get) a glimpse of 瞥见(强调结果) take a glance(or look) at看一眼(强调动作)

be good for 对…有好处;对…有作用 be good at 擅长于; be good to 对…好

造句： The Olympics will be good for tourism. 奥运会将让旅游业大放异彩。

You should be good to others if you want others to be good to you. 你要想别人对你好，你就要对别人好。
You must be good at learning at first. 你必须首先擅长学习。

in good time早早地(做完.到达等)

同义替换：early

造句： in spite of starting late, he arrived in good time虽然他动身得晚，却很早就到达了。

342. for good 永远地, 长期地

同义替换：for ever

造句： He told me that his stomach trouble is cured for good and all. 他告诉我说他的胃病已经根治了。

take…for granted 把…认为理所当然的.

同义替换：assume to be true

造句： We shouldn’t take anything for granted. 我们不要认为什么都是理所当然的。

344. be grateful to sb. for sth 因…感谢某人

同义替换：thank for

造句： be grateful to one’s neighbours for help in time of trouble.

345. on the ground(s) of\that 由于…以~为理由

同义替换：because of

造句： You have been ordered out of the province on the grounds of disturbing the peace.你因破坏和平而被勒令离开本省。

James was arrested on the grounds that his fingerprint was found on an envelope at the scene of the murder.由于在谋杀现场的一个信封上发现了詹姆士的指纹，他被捕了。

fall to the ground (计划.希望等)失败,落空

造句I can carry not another stitch. Let it fall to the ground then. 海尔达利：我带不了更多东西了，就让它落在地上吧。

on one’s guard(against) 谨防, 警惕 (be) on guard 站岗

同义替换：be cautious of、watch out

guard against (=defend, keep safe)警惕,防止 guard…against 警卫…防止

guess at 猜, 估计

造句Make a guess at the answer。猜一下答案。

by guess 靠猜

造句Don’t answer by guess, work the problem out. 不要凭猜想回答，把这道题算出来。

be guilty of 犯有…罪或过失

造句；He was sentenced to be guilty of intrusion upon my privacy。他因侵犯我的隐私权被判有罪。

be in the habit of 习惯于

同义替换：get used to、become accustomed to

造句；To be in the habit of doing something。有做某事的习惯

353. break off (a habit) 改掉(某种习惯)

原始涵义；break off 中止、中断、结束

造句；He broke off all contact with his family. 他中断了与家人的一切联系。

break sb. of (a habit)使某人改掉(某习惯)

造句：You must break your bad habit of interrupting a speaker。你必须改掉打断别人讲话的坏习惯。

355. get into the habit of养成了…的习惯

同义替换：fall into the habit of

造句：We should get into the habit of keeping good hours。我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

356. come to a halt 停止; 停住

同义替换：stop

造句： Production has come to a halt owing to the lack of raw material。由於缺少原料,生产已陷入停顿

at hand 在手边, 眼前(附近)、即将到来

同义替换：around the corner、nearby

真题重现：The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was irrelevant to the issue at hand.法官裁定，该证据无效，因为它和手头的问题无关。(1999词汇)

造句： Victory is at hand.胜利就在眼前

358. by hand 用手工(做)

真题重现：The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value would have lost by the time they were finished.有关数百万的数字计算，如果手动计算，到完成之时早已丧失其实际价值了。 (1994词汇)

造句： This furniture was all made by hand。这家俱全部都是用手工做的。

359. hand in glove(with) 狼狈为奸, 密切合作

造句： He was found to be hand in glove with the enemy. 已发现他跟敌人勾结在一起

360. in hand 1)在手边 2)控制住

同义替换：under control

造句：I forced my attention to the matter in hand. 我强迫自己把注意力集中到手头要办的事情上。

in the hands of 由…掌握, 控制, 负责
live from hand to mouth勉强度日,现挣现吃

造句： After my husband was made redundant, we had to live from hand to mouth until he found another job。在我丈夫失业后还没有找到另外工作之前，我们的生活很困苦，仅足糊口。

363. at the head of 在…的前头

head for 向…方向前进

同义替换：move towards

hear of 听人说起, 听说过

同义替换：know about

造句：

366. at heart 内心里, 实际上

同义替换：in reality

in one’s heart (of hearts)内心深处,事实上

同义替换：= In one’s deepest feelings=fundamentally

heart 原始涵义：

心, 心脏My heart aches.我心痛。内心, 心肠; 爱心His heart is full of goodwill to all men.他心里对所有人都充满着爱心。.感情, 爱好, 爱情 He wrote her and declared his heart.他给她写了信, 表述自己的爱慕之情。勇气, 精神 I didn’t have the heart to tell him the news.我没有勇气把这消息告诉他。

造句：

Pity stirred in her heart
368. by heart 熟记, 背(诵)

同义替换：=by memory

造句：

Try to remember these passages by heart. I think they will appear in the exam.
369. to one’s heart’s content 尽情地

同义替换：= to the top of one’s bent

造句：

He drinks to his heart’s content
370. with all one’s heart全心全意地,真心实意

同义替换：=heart and soul

造句：

He sweated away at his work with all his heart
371. hinder…from阻碍,使..不能做

同义替换：=stop…from

hinder 原始涵义：

& vi. 阻碍,妨碍,阻挡Heavy snow hindered construction work.大雪阻碍了建筑工程的进展。Nobody wants to hinder your doing that.谁也不想阻止你做那件事。

造句：

The fence along the middle of the road is intended to hinder the traffic from

crashing.

be (go) on holiday 在(去)度假

同义替换：go on holiday = go for a holiday

holiday原始涵义：

假期The Fourth of July is the national holiday of the US.七月四日是美国国庆日。

造句：

We’ll go on holiday in May.
373. be (feel) at home感觉合适，无拘束，熟悉

同义替换：=to be comfortable=not feel worried)

造句：

The hostess made everyone feel at home.
374. be honest in诚实

honest 原始涵义：

adj. 诚实的, 正直的, 可靠的，老实的 An honest person has a lot of friends.诚实的人朋友多。老实的, 真诚的，显示内心诚意的，表示态度诚恳的 He is honest in all he does.他干什么都是老老实实的

造句：

He is honest in business.
375. in one’s honour祝贺,纪念

同义替换：= in honour of

honour 原始涵义：

尊重, 敬重One must show honour to one’s parents.人人都应该尊敬父母。名誉, 信用, 荣誉 Her honour was discredited in the newspapers.她的名声被报纸败坏了。
尊敬We all honour courageous people.我们都尊重勇敢的人。

造句：

The monument was erected in his honour.

on one’s honour 以某人的名誉担保

造句：

He was on his honour not to tell the secret.
377. hope for 希望(某事发生),希望有

同义替换：=long for

hope 原始涵义：

希望, 期望Hopes of a peace settlement are now fading.和平解决的希望越来越小了。
& vi. .希望, 期望（某事发生）We have had no news from him but we’re still hoping.我们没有他的消息, 但我们仍在希望着能有。

造句：

We hope for better results .
378. to one’s horror 令某人感到恐惧的是

horror 原始涵义：

恐怖, 恐惧, 惊恐To his horror, the bus caught fire.使他惊恐的是, 公共汽车着了火。憎恶, 痛恨She had a horror of hospitals.她极其憎恶医院

造句：

To his horror, the bus caught fire.
379. in a hurry 匆忙地

同义替换：=hastily

hurry 原始涵义：

& vi.催促; 急忙Let’s hurry a bit, we are far behind them.咱们得快点, 咱们比他们落后多了。
匆忙, 急忙Don’t drive so fast; there’s no hurry.不要开这么快, 不必急急忙忙的.

造句：

He left in a hurry.

be identical with和完全相同

同义替换：=exactly alike

identical 原始涵义：

adj. .同一的 She wore the identical dress on both occasions.她在两种场合穿的是同一件衣服

造句：

Your pen is identical with mine.
381. be identified with 被视为与…等同

造句：

Einstein is identified with a higher mathematician
382. in ignorance of 不知道…

同义替换：=hear nothing of=be unaware of

ignorance原始涵义：

.无知, 愚昧If he did wrong, it was from ignorance.如果他做错了, 那是由于无知。

造句：

I remain in ignorance of it until you tell me.
383. be ignorant of对…不了解,不知道

同义替换：= lacking knowledge

ignorant原始涵义：

adj. .无知的, 愚昧的；.很无礼的，十分不懂规矩的

造句：

John is ignorant of literature
384. (an) impact (on) 对…的强烈影响

impact原始涵义：

影响, 作用The computer had made a great impact on modern life.计算机对现代生活产生了巨大的影响。
& vi. 对某事物有影响These costs will impact on our profitability.这些费用会影响到我们的利润。

造句：

Firstly because it has an impact on the quality of DNA sequence synthesis
385. impose…on 把…强加给

同义替换：=force on

impose原始涵义：

.强迫, 强加, 迫使, 把…强加于Overcrowding imposes mental strains.

过度拥挤使精神紧张。课税, 惩罚 The magistrate imposed a fine.治安法官课以罚款。

利用, 占便宜; 欺骗He imposed himself as their leader.他自封为他们的领袖。

真题重现：

My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves.作为一名警察，我的职责就是把责任感强加于那些拒绝或从来没有学会承担责任的人。(1991阅读)

造句：

I don’t want to impose on you.
386. impress…on 给…留下印象

impress始涵义：

给…以深刻印象, 使铭记He impressed me favourably.他给我的印象不错。I was very impressed by[at, with] her performance.她的表演给我留下了深刻的印象。印, 压印The design was impressed on the cloth.这个图案印在布上了。

造句：

I make a great impress on your company.

make (leave) an impression on sb. 给…留下印象

同义替换：=give sb. an impression

造句：

I make an impress on your sister.

388.under the impression that有..的印象,认为

同义替换：=deem

造句：

I was under the impression that he was honest.
389. improve sth.把原物改进 improve on 另做一物比原物更好

同义替换：improve sth.=make sth. better; improve on=produce or be sth. better than…

improve原始涵义

& vi. 改善, 改进, 提高If he can keep from smoking for a month or two his health will improve.他要是能一两个月不抽烟的话, 他的健康一定会有起色。

造句：

Ann tried to improve on her natural complexion. 安想改善自己的天然肤色
390. improve in 有改进, 好些

同义替换：=get better

造句：

He is anxious to improve himeslf in English.
391. improvement in 表示原物有改进,好转

improvement原始涵义：

增加或修改There is room for further improvement in English.你的英语尚有进一步提高的余地。改进, 改善, 改良Your work shows considerable improvement.你的工作显示出相当大的改进。

造句：

This town shows improvement in many directions.

include…in 把…列在…里面

include原始涵义：

包括, 包含Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。列入，计入I include you in the list.我把你列入名单。包住，关住 The nutshell includes the kernel.果壳裹着果仁。

造句：

Be coffee include in this meal?

inclusive of 把…包括在内

同义替换：=include

inclusive 原始涵义：

adj. 包括…的, 包括一切的 It’s an all inclusive price; there is nothing extra to pay.这是一个包罗一切的价格, 不需再额外付款了。包括所述的限度 The bill is inclusive of the food and lodging.账单包括吃、住费用。The monthly rent is 15, inclusive of light and water.每月租金15美元, 包括水电费在内。

造句：

The account is inclusive of the expenses.

independent of 独立的,不受约束的

independent 原始涵义：

adj. 自主的；有主见的 Children should be encouraged to be independent thinkers.应该鼓励孩子独立思考。He is economically independent.他在经济上是独立的。不相关连的, 无关的 Judges must be independent of political pressure.法官们一定不能受政治压力的影响。

造句：

She is independent of her parents.
395. indicative of 表明, 说明

同义替换：= indicate

indicative 原始涵义：

adj. 表明；标示；显示；暗示 His presence is indicative of his willingness to help.他的出席表示他愿意帮忙。〈语〉陈述的, 直陈的,指示的 Use the indicative mood to make a sentence.请用陈述语气造句。

造句：

Her gesture was indicative of contempt.

be indifferent to 对…漠不关心, 冷淡, 不在乎

同义替换：=not interested in

indifferent 原始涵义：

adj. 不关心的,不感兴趣的, 冷淡的; 中立的 His manner was cold and indifferent.他的态度既冷淡又无动于衷。较差的, 平庸的,不好的,一般的 He is an indifferent cook.他是个手艺平平的厨师。Her English is indifferent.她的英文很一般。

造句：

It is indifferent of her whether attend to our campaign .
397. (be) inferior to(=less good in quality or value) 比…差; superior to比… 好

同义替换：(be) inferior to=less good in quality or value

真题重现：

How many of us say, attending a meeting that is irrelevant to us, would be interested in the discussion?这么说吧，我们参加一个与自己毫不相关的会议时会有多少人对会上的讨论感兴趣呢?

(1995词汇)

造句：

I consider it to be inferior to robot .
398. inform. sb. of sth. 通知, 告诉

同义替换：=notify

inform 原始涵义：

告诉, 通知Can you inform me when to begin our final examination?你能告诉我们什么时候期终考试吗?

造句：

Please inform me of your date of departure.

be innocent of 无罪的,无辜的

innocent 原始涵义：

adj. 清白的, 无罪的, 无辜的 They have imprisoned an innocent man.他们监禁了一个无辜的男子。

造句：

He is innocent of the case of the theft.

insist on 坚持要

同义替换：order sth. to happen

insist 原始涵义：

1.坚持;坚决认为[+(that)]

She insisted that he was wrong. 她坚持认为他错了。

坚决主张;坚决要求[+(that)]

He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts. 他一定要我们收下这些礼物。
不及物动词 vi. 1. 坚持,坚决认为;强调[(+on/upon)]

造句：He insisted on/upon my going with him. 他坚持要我跟他一起去。
I insist on seeing it. 我一定要见到它。

instead of 代替，而不是…

同义替换：in place of

instead 原始涵义：

adv. 作为替代 He is too busy, let me go instead. 他太忙了,让我去吧。

造句：Instead of disturbing her, the news had a strangely calming effect.

这消息非但没有令她不安,反而产生了一种奇怪的镇定效果。

instruct…in 教.指导.训练某人…

同义替换：(=teach)

instruct原始涵义：

1.指示,命令,吩咐He instructed me to deliver it to a customer. 他吩咐我把东西送去给顾客。
2.通知,告知[My agent has instructed me that you still owe me $150. 我的代理人告诉我你还欠我一百五十美元

造句：My job is to instruct her in English. 我的工作是教她英语。

insure…for 把…保险(多少钱); ensure 使安全; assure…(of) 使…确信,保证

insure原始涵义：

1.为…投保;接受保险Insure your baggage before you leave home.

离家前先给行李保险。

ensure原始涵义：

1.保证;担保 [+that][+v-ing]
I can’t ensure his being on time. 我不能保证他的准时。

I can’t ensure that he will be there on time. 我不能担保他会及时到那儿。

This medicine will ensure you a good night’s sleep. 这药将保证你一晚睡眠良好。

使安全,保护[(+from/against)]
These are safety devices to ensure workers against accidents. 这些安全设施是为了保护工人不出事故。

assure原始涵义：

1.向…保证,担保[(+of)] I can assure you of the reliability of the information. 我向你保证这消息可靠。

The captain of the ship assured the passengers that there was no danger.

船长向乘客保证没有危险。

使确信,使放心[(+of)]

We assured our clients of an enjoyable holiday.

我们使游客确信准能过一个愉快的假期。

(后接oneself)使弄清楚,使确定

They assured themselves that the bridge was safe before crossing it.

他们直到弄清楚那座桥确实安全后才通过。

确保,保障

Her future was assured. 她的未来是有保障的。

insure…against 保证…以防

造句： More care would insure you against making so many mistakes.

多加注意就能保证你不犯这么多的错误了。

intendto打算(做)，意欲(做)

intend原始涵义：

1.想要;打算[+to-v][+v-ing][+(that)]

He intends his son to manage the company. 他打算让他儿子经营该公司。

I intend studying abroad. 我打算出国留学。

Let’s ask her what she intends us to do. 让我们问她要我们做什么。

打算使…(成为);(为…而)准备[(+for/as)]

That trap is intended for you. 那个圈套是为你而设的。

造句：This test is intended to reinforce what you have learnt in the past few weeks. 这个考试是要巩固你在前几周所学的东西。

(be) intent on 专心致志, 坚决

Intent原始涵义：

意图,目的[+to-v]

The man was charged with intent to kill. 那人被指控蓄意谋杀罪。

ad 1. 热切的,急切的

There was an intent look on the young mother’s face when she listened to her daughter reciting. 那位年轻妈妈在听女儿朗诵时脸上露出热切的神情。

专心致志的;坚决要做的[(+on/upon)]

造句：He’s intent on his work. 他正专心于工作。

in the interests of 符合…的利益be interested in 对…感兴趣

Interest原始涵义：

1.兴趣;关注;爱好[(+in)]I developed an interest in the machine. 我对这机器发生了兴趣。
I have lost my interest in chemistry. 我对化学已不感兴趣。
趣味性[(+to)] Local color added interest to the novel.

地方色彩增加了这部小说的吸引力。

感兴趣的事物或人

His two great interests in life are music and painting. 他生活中的两大兴趣是音乐和绘画。

利益;利害;同业;同行

We work for our common interests. 我们为共同的利益而工作。

利息

I borrowed the money at 5% interest. 我以五分利息借了那笔钱。

股份,股权[(+in)]

He has an interest in the company. 他在这家公司拥有股份。

重要性;影响 [(+with)]

Her interest with him is considerable. 她对他的影响相当大。

1.使发生兴趣;引起…的关心Chemistry interests him.
他对化学感兴趣。

interfere in干涉, interfere with打搅,干扰

interfere原始涵义：

1.妨碍;冲突;抵触[(+with)]

I turned down the radio lest it should interfere with his lessons.

我把收音机音量调低以免妨碍他做功课。

介入;干涉,干预[(+with/in)]

We have no right to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.

我们没有权利干涉别国内政。

She wished he wouldn’t interfere.

她希望他不要干预。

真题重现：

It means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production.这意味着政府越来越被迫要对这些部门进行干预，以便逐步提高产量。(2000阅读)

at intervals 每隔一会儿, 每隔一段距离

interval原始涵义：

1.间隔;距离[(+between)]

The interval between the two posts measures thirty meters.

那两根柱间的距离为三十米。

There was an interval of five years between the two civil wars.

那两次内战之间间隔了五年。

【英】(戏剧,音乐会等的)幕间,休息时间

造句：Trees are standing at intervals along the street. 路两旁树木林立。

intervene in 干预

intervene原始涵义：

1.插进;介入;介于中间[(+between)]

Five years has intervened since he last saw Daisy.

自从他上一次见到黛西以来,五年过去了。

干涉,干预;调停

They were about to fight when their father intervened.

他们的父亲出来调停时,他们已经快要打起来了。

干扰,阻扰;打扰
I shall leave on Sunday if nothing intervenes.

若无什么事情发生的话,我将于星期天动身。

造句：The Bank of England had been intervening in foreign exchange markets.

英格兰银行对外汇市场进行了干预。

invest… in 投资

Invest原始涵义：

1.投(资)[(+in)]

He invested all his money in real estate.

他把钱全部投资房地产。

耗费,投入(时间、金钱等)[(+in)]

He invested a lot of time in trying to help retarded children.

他把大量时间化在设法帮助弱智儿童上。

be involved in卷入, 参加，使专注

同义替换：=become connected or concerned

involve原始涵义：

1.使卷入,连累;牵涉[(+in/with)]

That’s no concern of mine. I’m not involved. 那与我无关,我未卷入。
2. 需要,包含,意味着[(+in)][+v-ing]

His work involves occasional journeys. 他的工作偶尔需要出差旅行。

使专注,使忙于[(+in)]

造句：He was involved in writing his doctoral dissertation. 他在聚精会神地写他的博士论文。

真题重现：

Anyone closely involved in Patents and inventions soon learns that most “new” ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills.陷入专利权和发明的任何人很快就会发现大多新的想法事实上就像小山一样陈旧。 (1993阅读)

by itself单独地,靠自己

同义替换：(=alone, without help)

造句：The machine works by itself. 机器自行运转。

in itself 本身; of itself 自发,自然
be jealous of 妒忌的、吃醋的

jealous原始涵义：

妒忌的[(+of)]

He was jealous of his friend’s reputation. 他妒忌朋友的声誉。
2. 吃醋的

If other men spoke to her intimately he was immediately jealous.
一见到别的男人跟她亲热地交谈,他便会醋劲大发。

小心守护的,惟恐失去的[(+of)]
We are jealous of our hard-won freedom.
我们珍惜得来不易的自由。

jump at抢着接受,

同义替换：=to be eager to accept

造句：He jumped at the job. 他欣然接受了这份工作。

jump on叱责

同义替换：(=scold, tell of)

造句：The boss jumped on Bill for his mistakes.
老板为比尔做了错事而痛斥他。

junior to sb. 年纪较…轻, 职位较…低.

junior原始涵义：

1.年纪较轻的[(+to)]
资浅的;地位较低的;晚辈的[(+to)]

My cousin is a junior officer. 我表弟是个下级军官。

【美】(四年制大学或中学中)三年级(生)的
(置于姓名后表示同名父子中的子或同姓两人中的较年幼者,略作Jr.或jr.)小

Mr. Smith Junior is in charge of this department.

小史密斯先生负责这个部门的工作。

1.较年少者

I am three years her junior. 我比她小三岁。

等级较低者;晚辈

Of the two clerks, he is the junior. 这两个职员中他职务较低。

三年级生

造句：He is junior to me by two years.
他比我小两岁。

(be) keen on 喜爱, 渴望

keen原始涵义：

热心的,热衷的,深切的[(+on)][+to-v]

Mrs. Miller is very keen on art. 米勒太太对艺术很感兴趣。

渴望的,极想的[(+on)][+to-v]

She is very keen to visit Canada. 她渴望访问加拿大。

敏锐的,敏捷的

His eyes were still keen. 他的目光依然敏锐。

锋利的,锐利的

He handed me a knife with a keen edge. 他递给我一把锋利的刀。

keep a close watch on 密切注视

同义替换：=keep a sharp lookout for

真题重现：Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.（2004年阅读）

keep…to oneself不告诉别人

同义替换：(=keep secret)

造句：I kept your little secret to myself all these years.

to(the best of) one’s knowledge 据…所知

造句：To the best of my knowledge, Ella failed in her final exam last year.

at large(=at liberty, free) 在逃, 逍遥法外

at large(=in general) 一般来说, 大体上

at large(=at full length; with details)详细地

造句：The escaped criminal is still at large. 逃走的罪犯仍逍遥法外。

A few years ago there was unrest in the country at large. 几年前全国发生了动乱。

lean against (背)靠着…

lean原始涵义：

1.倾斜They came to Pisa and saw the leaning tower.

他们来到了比萨也看到了斜塔。

倾身,屈身

She leaned down to hear the child. 她弯下身子听孩子说话。

倚,靠[(+on/upon/against)]
依赖,依靠[(+on/upon)]

We lean on our friends when we are in trouble. 我们遇到困难时依靠朋友帮助。

(见解等)倾向(于)[(+to/towards)]

He leans politically towards conservation. 他在政治上倾向于保守主义。

1.使倾斜
把…靠在(某种东西上) [(+on/upon/against)]

Lean your head on my shoulder. 把你的头靠在我的肩膀上。

(肉)无脂肪的,精瘦的

Lean meat is healthier for you than fatty meat. 对你来说,瘦肉比肥肉更有利于健康。

(人或动物)瘦的

A lean and hungry cat came to our door. 一只饥饿的瘦猫走到我家门口。

贫瘠的;贫乏的;收益差的

It’s been a lean year for business. 这是生意清淡的一年。

缺乏营养的

造句：She leaned lightly against his shoulder. 她轻轻地靠在他的肩上。

at least 至少; at most 至多

造句：

He smoked at least half a packet of cigarettes a day. 他每天至少抽半包烟。

It will take two hours at most to get there. 最多两小时便可到达那里。

(not) in the least 一点(也不), 丝毫(也不)

造句：I’m not in the least afraid. 我一点也不害怕。

at one’s leisure 在…有空的时候

leisure原始涵义：

1.闲暇,空暇时间
I have no leisure for playing cards. 我没有闲暇玩牌。
悠闲,安逸
1.空闲的;业余的

What do you usually do in your leisure time? 你通常在空闲时间做些什么?

有闲的,不以工作为生的the leisure class 有闲阶级

造句：Please come and visit us at your leisure. 有空请来我们这里做客。

lend itself/themselves to适合于(某用途)

造句：The incident seemed to lend itself to dramatization. 那件事似适合于编成戏剧。

at length (=after a long time, at last)终于

at length (=in detail, thoroughly)详细地

length原始涵义：
n. 1. (距离、尺寸的)长度

The fish is two feet in length.

这条鱼有两英尺长。

(时间的)长短,期间

The length of the movie is two hours.

影片长两小时。

全长;全程

We walked the length of the street.

我们从街这头走到那头。

造句：

At length, we began to understand what she wanted.

最后,我们总算弄清楚她到底要什么。

He talked at length about his

他详细地谈了他的工作。

go to any length想一切办法, 尽一切力量

造句：We will go to any length to solve your problem.

be liable to易于..的,应受(罚)

同义替换：=be subject to

liable原始涵义：

、易患…的;易…的[(+to)][+to-v]

Every man is liable to error. 每个人都会犯错误。

2、会…的，可能的[+to-v]

This article is liable to give offence to many people.
这篇文章很可能触犯许多人。

be liable for 对…应负责任的

造句：

The shipping company will be liable for damage. 运输公司将对损坏负责。

lie in 在于

真题重现：

The basic problem of journalists as the writer pointed out lies in their world outlook. 作者指出，记者的基本问题在于他们的世界观。(2001阅读)

in life 一生中

造句：Many people do not realize what the most important thing is in life.

很多人都没有意识到一生中最重要的东西是什么。

for life 终身

造句：They became friends for life. 他们成了终身至交。

in the light of考虑到, 根据

同义替换：=considering; taking into account

造句：You cut school so many times that you would be punished in the light of the rules. 你旷课次数太多，按照规定是要受处罚的。

throw light on使…更为清楚, 提供线索, 阐明

同义替换：= make clear, explain

造句：Your statement does not throw light on the subject.

你的发言并没有说明问题。

in line with符合,一致

同义替换：=in agreement with

造句：The report predicts that China’ s economy will grow 7 percent, in line with last year’s 7. 8 percent growth. 这篇报告预计今年中国经济将增长7％，与去年7. 8％的增长基本持平。 (CNN)

long for渴望,希望得到

同义替换：=want very much

造句：They long for a chance to visit Shanghai.

他们渴望有机会访问上海。

for long 很久,很长时间(否定句.疑问句中)

造句：I haven’t known him for long. 我认识他的时间不久。

before long不久, 过了不久以后.

同义替换：=soon

造句：

The dictionary will be published before long.

这本词典不久就要出版。

in the long run (=in the end)从长远来说,最后;

in the short term (从短期来说)

造句：

It’ll be cheaper in the long run to use real leather.

使用真正的皮革最终还是便宜合算的。

In the short term, the medicine may not be very effective.

从眼前来看,这药可能疗效不是很大。

(be) at a loss 不知所措

loss原始涵义：

1.丧失;遗失

He suffered a temporary loss of memory. 他暂时丧失了记忆。

损失;亏损(额)

His death means a great loss to science. 他的死是科学的重大损失。

输,失败

The loss of the first game did not discourage them. 第一场比赛的失败并没有令他们沮丧。

减少,减低

When heavy atoms are split in this way some loss of mass occurs.

当重原子这样被分裂的时候,就会发生质量的减少。

造句：He was at a loss for a suitable reply.

他不知所措，找不出合适的答复。

444．major in 主修（某课程）

major原始涵义：

较大的;较多的

The house needs major repairs. 这幢房子需要大修。

主要的,重要的;一流的

He is a major writer. 他是位大作家。

主修的

Her major subject is chemistry. 她的主修科是化学。

成年的,达到法定年龄的
1.成年人,已到法定年龄者
(大学中的)主修科目
1.主修[(+in)]

造句：He majors in Physics.他主修物理。

as a matter of fact 实际上, 事实是

造句：

As a matter of fact, I’ve never been there before. 事实上我从未到过那儿。

by all means不惜一切

同义替换：=at all costs

by all means当然行;

同义替换：=certainly

by means of用…;

by no means 完全不, 决不

means原始涵义：

1.手段,方法;工具

It is all a means to an end. 这只是达到目的的一种手段。

财产;财力;收入

He is living beyond his means. 他入不敷出。

造句：

1、I will come by all means. 我无论如何都回来。

2、They succeeded by means of perseverance. 他们依靠坚忍不拔而获得成功。

3、She is by no means bright．她一点儿也不聪明。

on memory of 为纪念…

memory原始涵义：

1.记忆;记忆力[(+for)]

His phone number has slipped my memory.

他的电话号码我记不起来了。

2、记忆的范围

3、留在记忆中的人(或事物);回忆

The photograph brings back many pleasant memories.

这张照片使人回想起许多愉快的往事。

4、纪念

造句：

They dedicated the library on memory of their grandfather.

他们用这座图书馆来纪念他们的祖父。

on the mend 好转, 在康复中

同义替换：=in the process of recovering

mend原始涵义：

1.修理,修补;缝补

He asked her to mend his socks. 他叫她替他补袜子。

改善,改良;纠正,改正

He pledged that he would mend his ways. 他保证他将改过自新。

使愈合;使恢复健康
vi. 1.渐愈;好转

The child is mending nicely. 这孩子的病情在很快好转。

改过;改善
The economy is on the mend. 经济情况正在好转。
It is never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。
1.修缮部位

The mend in your dress scarcely shows. 你衣服上补过的地方几乎看不出来。
2. 好转;痊愈

造句：His health is on the mend. 他的健康正在好转中。

mention sth. to sb. 向某人提起某事

mention原始涵义：

1.提到,说起

They have three dogs to look after, not to mention the cat and the bird.

他们有三只狗要照顾,更别提那只猫和鸟了。
2. 提名表扬

Mr. Stevenson was mentioned in the annual report for his cooperation.
斯蒂文森先生因乐于合作在年度报告中被提名表扬。

1.提及,说起

The actor’s wedding got a mention in the newspapers.

报上提到了这位演员的婚礼。

造句：

Did you mention this to the boss?
你跟老板提到这事没有?

at the mercy of 任…摆布, 在…支配下

同义替换：=in the power of

mercy原始涵义：

1.慈悲,怜悯;仁慈,宽容

The commander showed mercy to the prisoners of war. 司令官对战俘十分怜悯。

仁慈行为,善行
幸运,侥幸

It was a mercy that the whole family survived the earthquake.

这次地震中一家人都幸免于难,真是不幸中之大幸。

4、救济,救难
Distributing food among the homeless was an act of mercy.

发配食物给无家可归的人是救苦救难的行为。

造句：

She was at the mercy of her cruel husband. 她任凭残酷的丈夫摆布。

be in a mess 乱七八糟, 处境困难

make a mess of 弄乱, 打乱

mess原始涵义：

n.混乱,凌乱的状态

Would you please clean up the mess?
请你把这些肮脏的东西清理掉好吗?

造句：

Her hair was in a terrible mess. 她的头发乱极了。

She made a pretty bad mess of it. 她把事情搞得一团糟。

bear(or keep)…in mind牢记

同义替换：=remember

造句：Bear/Keep in mind that you’ll have to practice economy.

记住要厉行节约。

bring(or call)to mind使回想起

同义替换：=remember

造句：I know this song but I can’t bring/call the title to mind.

我知道这首歌,但记不起歌名。

by mistake(由于粗心,健忘原因而)错误地

mistake原始涵义：

1.弄错,误解

You mistook my meaning entirely. 你完全误会了我的意思。

把…误认为[(+for)]

He was mistaken for the minister. 人们错把他当作牧师了。

挑选错;估计错

It was wise of you not to mistake your own strength.

你没有错误估计自己的力量是明智的。
vi. 1. 弄错,搞错
You mistake, my dear. 亲爱的,你错了。

错误,过失;误会
Tom didn’t make a single spelling mistake in his composition.

汤姆在这篇作文里一个字也没拼错。

造句：

He put salt into his tea by mistake. 他把盐误放进茶里。

at the moment (=now) 此刻,现在

造句：I am very busy at the moment. 我此刻很忙。

for the moment (=for the time being)暂时

造句：Stop arguing for the moment. 暂停争论。

just a moment 稍等片刻

at the last moment 在最后一刻

造句：He finished the job at the last moment.

in the mood for/to有情绪去做..,有心境做.

mood原始涵义：

1.心情,心境,情绪

我没有心情争辩。
2. 心情不好,生气

She was in a bit of a mood this morning. 今天早晨她情绪欠佳。

喜怒无常
He is a man of moods. 他是一个喜怒无常的人。
基调,色调;气氛
The mood of the music was almost funereal. 音乐的调子几乎像哀乐。
A mood of optimism pervaded the gathering. 会上充满乐观的气氛

造句：I am not in the mood to argue.

no more…than 和…一样都不…

造句：

The lion is no more merciful than the tiger. 狮子与老虎同样残忍.

for the most part 多半,大多数,一般来说

造句：

The lemon drink was for the most part of water. 那柠檬饮料多半成分是水。

His designs, for the most part, corresponded with the actual needs. 他的设计绝大多数情况下都符合实际需要。

at (the) most 最多, 至多

造句：

It will take two hours at most to get there. 最多两小时便可到达那里。

make the most of 充分利用

造句：

We should make the most of our time. 我们应该充分利用时间。

be not much of(=not a good)不是很好的… be something of 有点…,像…

造句：I’m not much of a night owl. 我并不是一个夜猫子。

She of the unbelievable female figure has become something of a world icon, her likeness gracing the cover of Time Magazine and used in advertising without further identification.

她的令人难以置信的女性形象已经成为一个世界图标，她的肖像频频出现在时代杂志的封面和广告中使用但是未经进一步查实。

name after 用…的名字命名

name原始涵义：

1.名字,姓名;名称
2.外号;(诬蔑性的)绰号
名声,声誉

His actions have given him a bad name. 他的行为给他带来了不好的名声。

1.给…取名;给…命名

They named the baby Elizabeth.
他们为婴孩取名伊莉莎白。

说出…的名字
Can you name all the plants and trees in this garden?
你能叫出花园里所有花草树木的名称吗?
提名;任命[(as/for)]

She was named winner of the contest.
她被提名为这次比赛的获胜者。

列举

造句：The building was named after Mr. Smith.这座建筑物以史密斯先生的名字命名。

native to 所产的

native原始涵义：

1.天生的
出生地的,祖国的,家乡的

He has been away from his native Poland for three years. 他离开故土波兰已有三年了。

本土的,本国的,土生的[(+to)]
(某地)特有的,原产的[(+to)]
土人的,土著的
Native American 美洲原住民;印第安人
天然的,自然的;朴素的
I am still struck by the native beauty of the lake. 我仍然为湖泊的自然美所吸引。
[c]
本地人,本国人[(+of)]
Are you a native here, or just a visitor?
你是本地人?或者只是过客?
土著,原住民
(某地)原有的动(植)物[(+of)]
The kangaroo is a native of Australia. 袋鼠是澳大利亚的土生动物。

造句：The giant panda is native to China. 大熊猫是中国特有的动物。

by nature 天生的, 生来

造句：

She is quiet and shy by nature. 她生性温柔腼腆。

in mature 本质上

mature原始涵义：

成熟的;酿熟的

This is the most mature of his plays. 这是他最成熟的一部剧作。

成年人的

She has the figure of a mature woman. 她有成年女性的体型。

稳重的;慎重的,周到的

Can’t you behave in a mature way?
你的举止不能稳重一点吗?

(票据等)到期的;应支付的
1.变成熟;长成;酿成

Wine and judgement mature with age. 酒陈味香,人老识深。

(票据等)到期

Your deposit matures on April 3rd. 你的存款四月三日到期。

1.使成熟;使长成
Her responsibilities matured her at an early age. 她肩负的责任使她早熟。
慎重作出;使完善

He matured his plans for the long trip. 他为这次长途旅行仔细地作了计划。

(be) in the nature of 属…性质

造句：

His remark is in the nature of an apology. 他的话具有道歉的性质。

none other than不是别人,正是…

造句：

The new arrival was none other than the President.刚到的不是别人，正是总统。

above normal 高于正常的

造句：Rainfall has been above normal this July. 今年7月份降雨量高于正常。

for nothing免费

同义替换：=free, without payment

造句：

I got the typewriter for nothing; a friend just gave it to me.

我免费得到了这台打字机,是一位朋友送给我的。

nothing but 只有, 不过…而已

造句：

Nothing but a miracle can save her life.
只有奇迹才能挽救她的生命。

to say nothing of更不用说…

同义替代：=not to mention

造句：He had to support his seven children, to say nothing of his wife and parents.

他要养活自己的七个孩子,更不必说还有妻子和父母了。

do sth. at short notice 只给很少时间准备

造句：They are ready to start at short notice.

他们已准备好,一接到通知就立即出发。

until further notice 在另行通知前

造句：That library will open only in the morning untill further notice.

在另行通知以前,那个图书馆只在上午开放。

take notice of注意

同义替换：=pay attention to

造句：Don’t take any notice of others’ comments. 不要理会别人的议论。

object to 反对

同义替换：=be opposed to

object原始涵义：

1.物体

I don’t know the names of the objects in this lab. 我不知道这个实验室里物件的名称。

对象;目标[(+of)]
目的,宗旨
What is the object of his visit? 他这次访问的目的是什么?
【语】宾语[C]
1.

反对[(+to)]

1.反对说[+(that)]

Mother objected that Jimmy was too weak to take up the job.

母亲反对说,吉米身体虚弱,不可承担那份工作。

造句：No one objected to the plan. 没有人反对这项计划。

objection to (接动名词) 反对

造句：I have objection to his being elected as our chairman.我反对他当选主席。

on occasion不时地,必要时

同义替换：=now and then

occasion原始涵义：

1.场合,时刻;重大活动,盛典
时机,机会[(+for)]

He seized the occasion to invite her home for dinner. 他抓住机会邀请她回家里吃饭。

起因,近因[(+of)]
Her departure was the occasion of much sadness. 她的离别是令人十分悲伤的起因。
理由;需要[(+for)][+to-v]
You have no occasion to buy another car. 你没有必要再买一辆汽车。
引起;惹起

His rude behavior occasioned a quarrel. 他的无礼行为引起了一场争吵。

造句：A shop keeper always runs a certain opportunity when he accepts a cheque and he is quite within his rights if on occasion, he refuses to do so.

店主可能会有机会接收一张支票时，偶尔他拒绝这样做也是在他的权限之内的。

by occasion of由于

同义替换：=because of

造句：By occasion of illness of him, we can’t play tennis.

因为他有病, 我们不能打网球了。

occupy oneself with (in) 忙于(某事)

occupy原始涵义：

1.占领,占据

The enemy soon occupied the town. 敌人很快占领了这个城镇。

占(时间,空间);占用;住

Reading occupies most of my free time. 阅读占去了我空闲时间的大部分。
The bathroom is occupied. 浴室有人在用。

(常与oneself连用或作被动式)使忙碌,使从事[(+in/with)]
This game will keep the children occupied. 这个游戏让孩子有得忙了。
She is occupied in writing a novel. 她忙于写小说。
担任(职务),居(某种地位)
Mr. Oliver occupies an important position in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
奥利佛先生在外交部充任要职。

造句：He occupied himself with various research projects. 他终日从事各种研究计划。

it occurs to sb. that… 某人想到…

occur原始涵义：

1.发生
Earthquakes occur frequently in this area. 这一地区经常发生地震。
出现;存在;被发现

Do giraffes occur in Africa only? 长颈鹿是不是只在非洲才有?

被想起,被想到,浮现[(+to)]

It occurred to me to visit my teacher. 我想到要去看看我的老师。

A brilliant idea occurred to me. 我想到一个极好的主意。

It didn’t occur to him that she would refuse his invitation.

他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。

造句：It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble. 我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。

once and for all =once and forever永远地

all at once (=suddenly, now) 立即,马上

once in a while (=occasionally) 偶尔

(just) for once 就这一次

(all) by oneself 独自(没有别人帮助)

造句：The little boy went out by himself. 小男孩独自一人出去了。

operate on sb. 给某人做手术

come /go into operation开始运转

put/bring sth. into operation 使…投产,运转

operate原始涵义：

1.作出,工作;运作;运转
The machine is not operating properly. 机器运转得不正常。
营业,营运
His company operates in several countries. 他的公司在几个国家有业务活动。
起作用,影响,产生效果
The medicine operated quickly. 这药很快起作用。
动手术,开刀[(+on/for)]
The surgeon operated on her for a tumor. 医生为她的肿瘤开刀。
1.

操作;开动(机器)等

Who operates that machine? 那台机器由谁操作?

经营;管理
The department store is well operated. 那家百货公司经营得法。
对…施行手术;对…开刀
He’ll have to be operated for his tumors. 他的肿瘤得开刀。
引起,产生

be of the opinion 持有…的看法

造句：I am of the opinion that in some degree wisdom can be taught.

我的看法是，智慧在某种程度内是可以通过教育培植的。

in one’s opinion 按某人的看法

造句：In my opinion, the second view is one-sided and partial.

我认为，第二种看法是片面的。

be opposed to… 反对…

oppose原始涵义：

1.反对;反抗;妨碍[+n/v-ing]

The proposed new airport will be strongly opposed by the local residents.

提议中的新机场会招受当地区民强烈反对。
Father does not oppose the idea at all.

父亲丝毫不反对这个想法。

使相对;使对抗[(+to/against)]

They were bitterly opposed to the scheme. 他们强烈反对这个计划。
Our members are definitely opposed to making concessions on the satety question.

我们的成员绝对反对在安全问题上让步。

造句：I am opposed to going shopping with others.
我反对与他人一起外出购物。

be opposite to 与…相反的

造句：My point of view is opposite to yours.我的观点与你相反。

(be) in order(=acceptable)合适的,恰当的

in order 井井有条,处于良好状态;

out of order(=in bad condition)出毛病,发生故障

order原始涵义：

1.顺序,次序

The names are in alphabetical order. 名字按字母顺序排列。

整齐,有条理
状况;良好的状况

Things were in terrible order. 情况一团糟。

4、秩序,治安;规律

The young teacher can’t keep order in her classroom.

那位年轻教师无法维持课堂秩序。

命令,指示[+to-v][+(that)]

He gave orders that the job be done in three days. 他指示三天内完成这项工作。

订购;订货[C][(+for)]

The company received a large order for computers.
这家公司接到一份要求大量供应电脑的订单。

made to order 定做的(衣服)
originate in/from起源于,由..引起

同义替换：=begin

originate原始涵义：

1.发源;来自;产生[(+in/from/with)]
The idea originated with her. 这主意是她最先想出来的。
引起

The use of the computer has originated many other reforms.

电脑的使用引起了其他许多的革新。

创始;发明;创作

造句：Their estrangement originated in a misunderstanding.

他们的隔阂是由误会而起。

on the outskirts (of) 在城郊

造句：Living on the outskirts of town or living in the downtown has its advantages and disadvantages.

住在郊区或住在市中心都各有利弊。

owe…to 把…归于…

造句：I owe my success to your great help.我把我的成功归功于你的帮助。

on one’s own单独

同义替换：(=along, without help)

own原始涵义：

自己的

I saw the whole accident with my own eyes. 我亲眼看到这次事故的全过程。

特有的

vt.1. 有,拥有

He owns three cars. 他有三辆汽车。

承认[+(that)]
She owned that she had neglected her duty.

她承认自己玩忽职守。

承认[(+to)]

She owned to having known about it. 她承认早已知道此事。

造句：I can’t carry it on my own; it’s too heavy.

我无法独自携带它,太重了。

of one’s own某人自己的

造句：She has a mind of her own. 她颇有主见。

keep pace with 跟…齐步前进

pace原始涵义：

1.一步;一步跨出去的长度(约2.5尺)

There were perhaps ten paces between me and the bear.

在我和熊之间相距大约有十步。

步速;速度;进度
The work progressed at a slow pace. 这项工作进展缓慢。
踱步,慢慢地走

He got up, and began to pace up and down the room.

他起身并开始在房间里踱来踱去。

造句：I cannot keep pace with my classmate in English learning.在英语学习方面我无法与我的同学同步。

go to great pains下功夫,努力

同义替换：=take pains

造句：He went to great pains to explain the problem to us.
他费了很大劲向我们解释那个问题。

part with舍弃,卖掉

同义替换：=give up, sell

造句：Do you think I will part with my right to express my opinion?

你认为我会放弃我的发言权吗?

participate in参加

同义替换：=take part in

participate原始涵义：

1.参加,参与[(+in)]

No professionals participated in the contest.
没有职业选手参加这一比赛。

分享,分担[(+in/with)]
含有,带有[(+of)]

His poems participate of the nature of satire.
他的诗带有讽刺性。

分享,分担

造句：Everyone can participate in this game.
每个人都能参加这游戏。

(be) particular about 讲究,挑剔(吃,穿)

particular原始涵义：

1.特殊的;特定的;特别的
The teacher showed particular concern for the disabled child.
老师特别关心那个残疾儿童。
特有的,独特的;异常的
Her particular way of smiling left a good impression on me.
她特有的微笑给我留下了美好的印象。
(过于)讲究的;苛求的,挑剔的[(+about/over)][(+wh-)]
4.细致的,详细的
The witness gave us a particular account of what happened.
目击者把发生的事情详细地对我们说了一遍。

造句：She is particular about what she eats. 她过分讲究吃。

in particular特别是,尤其

同义替换：=especially

造句：She stressed that point in particular. 她特别强调了那一点.

(a) passion for 对…的热爱,热情

passion原始涵义：

1.热情,激情(+for)]

They sang with great passion. 他们满怀激情地歌唱。

恋情;情欲[(+for)]
You may have a passion for her, but it isn’t love.
你也许对她怀有强烈的感情,但这不是爱情。
盛怒,忿怒

At those words of mine he broke into a violent passion.
他听了我说的那些话便勃然大怒。

酷爱[(+for)]
造句：She had a passion for music. 她十分爱好音乐。
be patient with 对…耐心

造句：The doctor is very patient with his patients. 那位医师对病人十分耐心。

pay for 赔偿, 付款, 报偿, 处罚

pay原始涵义：

1.付,支付;付款给[(+for/to)]

She paid the money to me. 她将钱付给了我。
2. 偿还;补偿;向…报复[(+out)]

I’ve paid him out for the trick he played on me.
他作弄我,我已对他进行了报复。
3. 把(钱)存(银行)[(+in/into)]

对…有利
给予(注意);致以(问候);进行(访问)[(+to)]
We’ll pay a visit to Japan this winter. 今年冬天我们要去访问日本。
1.付款;偿还债务
I’ll pay by check. 我将用支票付款。
有利,划算
It will pay to be kind to others. 好心会有好报。

It pays to learn a foreign language. 学外语是值得的。

生利;(工作等)有报酬
This job pays well. 这工作报酬好。
付出代价;受到惩罚
n. 1.薪俸;报酬
The miners went on strike for higher pay.
矿工举行罢工,要求增加工资。
报偿;惩罚
pay…for 付…的钱

造句：I paid a very high price for the house. 我出了很高的价钱买下了这房子。

(be) at peace with 与…和睦相处

in peace (=peacefully)安静,平安

造句：The Smiths were living in peace with the neighbors.

史密斯一家与左邻右舍和睦相处。

peculiar to… 特有的, 独具的

peculiar原始涵义：

奇怪的;乖癖的;罕见的

He looked at me with a very peculiar expression.

他用一种奇特的眼神看着我。

(个人或团体)特有的,独具的;独特的[(+to)]
I have my own peculiar way of doing things.
我有自己独特的做事方式。
特别的,特殊的
It is a matter of peculiar interest.
这是一件有特殊意义的事。

造句：This style is peculiar to him. 这一风格是他独有的。

507. penalty for 对…的处罚,罚金

造句：The failure is the penalty for your absence of class不及格是对你缺课的惩罚。

perform. on the piano演奏钢琴

同义替换：=play the piano

persist in 坚持,固执
1.坚持;固执[(+in/with)]
2.持续;存留
The storm persisted for a week.
暴风雨持续了一个星期。
vt. 坚持说,反复说 [+that]

He persisted that he had nothing to do with robbery. 他坚持说他与抢劫毫无关系。

造句：Why do you persist in writing these things?

你为什么要坚持写这些东西呢?

in person 亲自, 当面

造句：He will be present at the meeting in person. 他将亲自参加会议。

in place (in right or proper place) 放在应放的地方

造句：She likes to have everything in place. 她喜欢每件东西都各就各位。

I’m afraid your proposal is not quite in place. 恐怕你的提案不太妥当。

in place of代替

同义替换：=instead of

造句：Plastics are now often used in place of wood or metal.

现在塑料经常被用来代替木料或金属。

take(a) pleasure in 喜欢做某事

造句：She took pleasure in doing such things. 她很喜欢做这种事。

be on the point of doing sth.刚要去做

同义替换：=be about to do sth.

造句：I was on the point of going out when someone knocked on the door.我正要出去的时候有人敲门。

beside the point 不切正题,无关紧要

造句：How much it costs is beside the point.

花多少钱的问题不必谈了。

come to the point 谈主要问题

造句：We’re now in a hurry, so come to the point.

我们现在很匆忙,你就直截了当说吧。

there is no point in doing sth.没必要做某事

造句:There is no point in discussing whether she is qualified or not here.

在这儿讨论她够不够格没有必要。

to the point 中肯, 切题

造句：Please be concise and to the point. 请简明扼要一点。

point at (=indicate, direct attention)指着

point out (=indicate, show) 指出,指明
point原始涵义：

尖,尖端,尖头 [(+of)]

Do you have a pencil with a sharper point? 你有尖一点的铅笔吗?

(空间的)一点,处,地方,位置
特点,特征
Dancing is not her strong point. 她不擅长跳舞。
(时间上的)一点,(特定)时刻;瞬间
分数;(比赛等的)得分

In the game we got ten points while the Medical School got only three.

比赛中我们得了十分,而医学院只得了三分。

思想;论点
要点;中心思想
He missed the whole point of my speech.
他完全没抓住我讲话的要点。
意义;目的;用途(+in/of)
There is no point in complaining. They can’t do anything to help you.

抱怨于事无补;他们没办法帮助你。

【数】点;小数点;标点
把…指向,把…对准;瞄准[(+at/towards)]
It’s rude to point your fingers at people. 用手指指人是很不礼貌的。
指出[(+out)]
He pointed out that they were mistaken.
他指出他们错了。
强调[(+up)]
弄尖,削尖
She pointed the pencil for her sister. 她给妹妹削铅笔。
给…加标点;给…加小数点
1.指,指出,指明[(+at/to)]

He pointed at the book he wanted. 他指着他要的那一本书。

指向,对准;朝向[(+to/towards)]
The hands of the clock now pointed to half past three. 这时时针指向三点半。
显示,表明;证明[(+at/to/towards)]

popular with/among大众所喜爱的,拥戴

造句：He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considered insufficiently popular with all members.大家不让他接手社团主席的职位是因为他在成员里面不很受欢迎。 (1998词汇)

in the position of 处在…位置上

position原始涵义：

1.位置,地点,方位

The bed used to be in this position. 床原来是放在这儿的。

恰当的位置
姿势,姿态
地位;身份;位次[(+in)]
He has a high position in society. 他社会地位很高。
形势;境况[+to-v]
He made a study of the position of the middle class in Britain.

他研究过英国中产阶级的状况。

立场;态度[(+on)]
What’s your position on this problem? 你对这个问题持什么态度?
职位;职务;工作[(+with/in)]
1.把…放在适当位置
She positioned the chairs round the dining table. 她在餐桌四周摆上椅子。
把(产品)打进市场

in practice 实际上(状语);业务熟练(表语)

造句：The plan worked well in practice. 这个计划很行得通。

be(get) out of practice 荒疏,不熟练

造句：Do not make yourself out of practice.要勤于练习。

bring(put)…into practice使…成为现实

造句：His aim is to bring the teaching theory into practice.他的目标就是把教学理论变为现实。

prefer…to…宁要, 更喜欢

同义替换：choose rather, like better

prefer原始涵义：

1.宁可,宁愿(选择);更喜欢

At the moment, he preferred not to think about the future.

此时此刻,他宁愿不去想未来的事情。
2. 【律】提出(控告等)
Police preferred charges against him for theft.
警方指控他有偷窃行为。

造句：I prefer the quiet countryside to the noisy cities.
我喜欢安静的乡村胜过喧闹的城市。

prepare for breakfast 准备吃早饭

prepare breakfast 作早饭

in the presence of 在…在场的情况下

造句：She was a little nervous in the presence of so many professors.在很多教授在场的情况下她表现得有点紧张。

for the present(=for the time being, for now)暂且,就现在来说;

at present 现在,此刻

present原始涵义：

1.出席的,在场的

How many people were present at the meeting?
到会的有多少人?

现在的,当前的

I’m not at all satisfied with the present situation.
我对目前的情况一点都不满意。

【语】现在时的
留在记忆里的,不能忘记的[+in/to]
1.、现在,目前

There is no time like the present.
机不可失,时不再来。

2.、【语】现在时态

3、礼物,赠品
He often gave his neighbor’s kids little presents.

他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。

赠送,呈献[(+to/with)]

They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他们献给他一束鲜花。

引起(问题),造成(困难)[(+to/with)]
All this presented new safety problems. 所有这些都造成了新的安全问题。
提出,提交,呈递[(+to)]
Some 300 papers were presented at the conference. 会上提出了大约三百篇论文。
呈现;描述;出示[(+to)]
He had to present a smiling face though heavy-hearted. 虽然忧心忡忡,但他还得露出一副笑容。

造句：I have not enough money to buy a car for the moment. 眼下，我没有足够的钱买汽车。

Your advice would be exceedingly valuable to him, who is at present at his wits’ end.你的建议对他将非常有价值，因为他现在已经黔驴技穷了。 (1995词汇)

preside over/at 主持(会议,业务等)

preside原始涵义：

担任会议主席,主持[(+at/over)]
The general manager presided at the meeting. 总经理主持了会议。
2. 管辖;指挥[(+over)]
The manager presides over the business of this store. 经理主管本店的业务。

领奏,主奏[(+at)]

造句：The Prime Minister presided at the Cabinet meeting. 首相主持了内阁会议。

prevail over 占优势, 压倒, 战胜

prevail原始涵义：

1.胜过,战胜,优胜[(+over/against)]

His argument prevailed and I yielded. 他的论点占了上风,我让步了。

流行,盛行;普遍[(+among/in)]
This custom prevails over the whole area. 这一习俗在整个地区盛行。

造句：Good will prevail over evil. 善良将战胜邪恶。

prevent…from 使…不, 防止…做

造句：The developed countries should write off the Third World debt to prevent people from poverty.发达国家应该将第三世界的债务一笔勾销，以免让其人民陷入贫困。

previous to 在…之前

同义替换：=prior to

造句：It happened previous to his arrival there.
事件发生于他到那儿以前。

take pride in 以…自豪

同义替换：=pride oneself on

造句：She took great pride in the success of her three children.

她对自己三个孩子的成就感到万分自豪。

pride oneself on/upon 以…自豪

造句：We pride ourselves on quality.我们以品质为荣。

in principle 原则上

同义替换：=only in regard to the main idea

造句：They agreed to the plan only in principle. 他们只是原则上同意那计划。

prior to在…之前

同义替换：=before

造句：Chlorination prior to another chemical process. 在其他化学反应之前的氯化作用过程。

in private (=privately) 私下, 秘密地

in public 公开地

造句：That fellow can be very rude in private though in public he is usually polite.
那家伙在大庭广众通常很有礼貌,但私下很粗鲁。

proceed from由…发出, 由…引起(产生)

同义替换：=arise from, result from

proceed原始涵义：

1.继续进行;继续做(或讲)下去[(+to/with)]
开始,着手,出发[+to-v]

After everyone was seated the chairman proceeded to announce his plan.

大家就坐后,主席开始宣布他的计划。

进行,开展
The project is proceeding as planned. 工程正在按计划进行。
发出,出自[(+from)]
5.(沿特定路线)行进
He got off the bus and proceeded home on foot. 他下了汽车,步行回家。
起诉[(+against)]
The district attorney processed against the defaulting debtor. 地方检查官起诉不履行债务的债务人。

造句：The whole trouble processed from a misunderstanding. 整个麻烦起于误会。

proceed with ( =begin and continue sth.) 继续进行

造句：The old man took a drink from his cup and proceeded with his story.

老人拿起杯子喝了一口,继续讲他的故事。

in progress进行中

同义替换：=in the state of be done

造句：The building of the factory was in progress. 工厂正在建造中。

prohibit…from禁止, 阻止

同义替换：=forbid

prohibit原始涵义：

1.(以法令,规定等)禁止[(+from)]

Smoking is prohibited in the office building.
办公楼内禁止抽烟。

妨碍,阻止;使不可能[(+from)][+v-ing]

造句： The high cost of the machine prohibits it from widespreading.

这机器价格昂贵,很难普及使用。

in proportion to 与…成比例

造句：Do you think we are paid in proportion to the hours we work?

你认为我们的薪水与工作时间相称吗?

protect…from 阻止..不受,保护不受

造句：Wild wood should be well protect from excessive hag野生森林应该被保护以免过量砍伐。

be proud of 为…自豪

造句：I am so proud of my father.我为我父亲自豪。

provide for 为…做准备

provide原始涵义：

1.提供[(+for)]
On Sundays his landlady provided dinner as well as breakfast.

星期天,他的女房东不但供给早餐,还供给晚餐。

装备,供给[(+with)]
Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing.
她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃,有衣穿。
规定[+(that)]
The law provides that these ancient buildings must be preserved.

法律规定,这些古老的建筑应该保存。

准备,预备
1.

抚养,赡养[(+for)]
He tried to earn more money to provide for a large family.

他设法多挣钱以供养一个子女众多的家。
2. 作准备;预防[(+for/against)]

规定[(+for)]
The constitution provides for citizens’ rights and obligations.
宪法规定了公民的权利与义务。

造句：We have to provide for possible accidents. 我们要为可能发生的意外作些准备。

in public 公开地, 当众

造句：He is going to make a speech in public. 他将当众发表演说。

on purpose故意

同义替换：=by intention, deliberately

造句：If it wasn’t an accident, he must have done it on purpose.如果这不是一场事故，他肯定是故意那么做的了。

to the purpose得要领的, 中肯的

同义替换：(=useful for one’s purpose)

造句：What he had said was not to the purpose. 他所说的话并不中肯。

be qualified in 在某种科目或学科上合格

be qualified for 在某种职业上合格

qualify原始涵义：

1.使具有资格,使合格[(+as/for)]
I am a qualified doctor, who will not hurt you.

我是一个合格的医生,不会伤害你的。

限制,限定
Qualify your statement that “dogs are loyal” by adding “usually”.

将你说的”狗是忠诚的”这句话修正一下,加上”通常”二字。

【语】修饰,限定
In “blue pencils”, the adjective “blue” qualifies the noun “pencils”.

在”蓝铅笔”中形容词”蓝”修饰名词”铅笔”。

把…称作,形容,描述[(+as)]
I qualify it as a plot. 我说它是一个阴谋。
证明…合格
vi. 1.取得资格;具备合格条件[(+as/for)]
He qualified in London as a teacher of English overseas.

他在伦敦取得海外英语教师的资格。

造句：Can you qualify yourself for the job? 你能证明你自己有能力担任这一工作吗?

call…in question 对…表示怀疑

造句：I call in question the accuracy of these figures. 我怀疑这些数字的准确性。

beyond (all) question (=without question) 毫无疑问

同义替换：=beyond any doubt=undoubtedly=without doubt

造句：

People always believe anything that Mark says, his honesty is beyond question. 人们相信马克所讲的每一句话，他的诚实无庸置疑。

out of the question (=impossible)不可能的

同义替换：= Not worth considering

造句：

We can’t go out in this weather; it’s out of the question.

这种天气我们不能出去。那是不可能的。

in question (=under discussion)所谈及的;

同义替换：= in discussion

真题重现：The vocabulary of any technical discussion may include words in question which are never used outside the subject or field.任何技术性讨论中的词汇都可能包括在该讨论主题或领域之外永远都不会使用的词汇。 (1992词汇)

造句：The fate of the person in question will not be known until the others return. 要等到其它的人回来后才知道这个被谈论的人的命运如何。

without question 毫无疑问

同义替换：= certainly; definitely

造句：He is without question the best man for the job.毫无疑问, 他最适合干这份工作。

be caught in the rain 被雨淋了

caught原始涵义：

动词catch的过去式和过去分词 She (only) just caught the train with one minute to spare. 她差一点儿没赶上那趟火车。

造句：All of a sudden, we were caught in the rain. 突然，我们被困在在雨中。

at random (=without aim or purpose) 随便地, 任意地, 胡乱地

random原始涵义：

adj. 随机的，随意的，任意的; adv. 随机地; n. 随意，任意A disturbance, especially a random and persistent disturbance, that obscures or reduces the clarity of a signal. 干扰噪声一种干扰，尤指一处任意的和持续的干扰，使信号变模糊或减少。

同义替换：= randomly=indiscriminately=arbitrarily

真题重现： Residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions. 这些社区的居民被电话肆意骚扰，被问同样的问题。 (2001阅读)

造句：The librarian took a book at random from the shelf. 图书管理员从书架上随便拿了一本书。

range over (=cove, include) 范围包括

range原始涵义：

范围，行列，射程，山脉，一系列; v. 排列，归类于，延伸，漫游 The children’s ages range from 8 to 15.这些孩子们的年龄在8岁到15岁之间。

同义替换：=cover= include

造句：His studies range over several languages. 他的研究涉及数种语言。

range between 范围在..与..之间不等

同义替换：= range from … (up) to …

造句：Price range between 7 and 10. 售价在7英镑和10英镑之间。

at any rate (=at all events)无论如何,总之

rate原始涵义：

比率，等级，价格，速度，费用; vt. 估价，认为，定等级; vi. 受欢迎，受推崇 They drove at a steady rate.他们以平稳的速度开车。

同义替换：= anyhow=anyway=in any case

造句：At any rate, the medical supplies will reach you within a week. 无论如何，医疗物资会在一周内到达。

beyond the reach of 无法达到(得到,理解)

reach原始涵义：

延伸，范围，河段 v. 到达，伸出，延伸，取得联系，（伸手）去够

I can just about reach the apples on the top branch. 我只差一点就能够著最上边树枝上的苹果。

同义替换：= cannot get/attain/understand

造句：That’s beyond the reach of my imagination. 那是我想象不到的。

out of reach of 无法够到. within reach of (or within one’s reach) 够得到 ,能拿到

同义替换：= cannot afford

造句：The goods are priced out of our reach. 这些商品定价太高，我们买不起。

react to 对…作出反应

react原始涵义：

作出反应 vi. 起反应，起作用，反攻 She reacted to the insult by turning her back on him.她受辱之后就不再理睬他了。

同义替换：= respond to

造句：How did they react to your suggestion? 他们对你的建议有什么反应？

react on upon 对…产生影响

同义替换：= have an effect on

造句：Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person. 恶有恶报。

react against 作出反抗或反对反应

同义替换：= go against

造句：Children tend to react against their parents by go against their wish. 孩子们通常以违背父母的意愿来反抗他们。

(be) ready for 准备好做…

ready原始涵义：

adj. 准备好的，现成的，乐意的，情愿的 The letter is ready for the post. 信已准备好，可以寄出了。

同义替换：= be prepared for

真题重现：

When the U.S. space shuttle has accomplished its mission, it can be ready for another trip in about two weeks.美国航天飞机完成使命后，它可以在大约两周之内准备好下一次航行。 (1992完形)

造句：When can the contract be ready for signature? 请问合同什么时候能签字？

in reality (=in fact, really) 事实上

reality原始涵义：

现实，实际，真实 His plans were transformed overnight into reality.他的计划迅速变为现实。

同义替换：= actually

造句：One’s school life seems happier in retrospect than in reality. 人们的学校生活回想起来要比实际上的快乐。

beyond all reason 没有道理的

reason原始涵义：

理由，原因，理性 v. 推理，论证，劝说 It stands to reason that nobody will work without pay.做工作不能白做，这是明摆著的事。

同义替换：=unreasonable

造句：Their demands are beyond all reason.他们的要求完全是不合理的。

by reason of由于,因为

同义替换：= because of

真题重现：

By reason of you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks. (1994 词汇) 因为你要来伦敦，我们将在欧洲再停留两周时间。

造句：The plan failed by reason of bad organization. 由于组织不健全，这计划失败了。

it stands to reason that …理所当然

同义替换：= To be consistent with reason

造句：It stands to reason that if we leave late, we will arrive late.当然是如果我们离开晚了，我们就会晚到。

reason with劝说

同义替换：= argue

造句：If you think Steve’s being unfair to you, try to reason with him in a calm and collected way instead of flying into a temper. 如果你认为史蒂夫对你不公正，你要尽量镇静，与他据理力争，不要发脾气。

in the red 亏损,负债,赤字 (be) get out of red 不再亏损

同义替换：=deficit

造句：Sales began to drop and the company was soon in the red. They had to sell the building. 销售开始下跌，公司财务不久便出现赤字，他们只得把那幢大楼卖掉。

refer to…as 把…称做…

refer原始涵义：

谈及，咨询，参考 This incident in his childhood is never again referred to.他小时候的这件事永远不再提了。

同义替换：=regard… as

真题重现：

This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals——the average scientist for one.该定义将许多通常被当作是知识分子的人排除在外——普通科学家就是其中之一。 (2006翻译)

造句：English is referred to as a universal language. 英文被称为世界语言。

refer…to… 送交,呈交

refer原始涵义：

把 … 提交; 把 … 归因，归类为 This regulation refersonly to children.这些规定仅适用于儿童。

同义替换：=send, take

造句：The matter was referred to the United Nations. 此事被提交给联合国。

574.with/in reference to关于

reference原始涵义：

参考，出处，参照 He loaded his pages with references.他在文章中引用大量参考资料。

同义替换：==concerning, about

造句：I am writing with reference to your job application. 敬覆者，关於您申请工作一事。

with/ in regard to (=concerning)有关,关于

regard原始涵义：

视为，留意，注视，尊敬，和 … 有关 She is generally regarded as one of the best writers in the country.人们普遍认为她是该国最优秀的作家之一。

同义替换：= as regards

真题重现：

With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult. 然而，就未来诗歌而论，情况就很难说了。 (2000阅读)

造句：In regard to your request for information, I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you.关于你需要情报的事, 我遗憾地告诉你我没法帮助你。

give one’s regards to sb. 向…问候

regard原始涵义：

关心，考虑，注意，尊敬，致意 You have no regard of my feelings!你不考虑我的感情。

同义替换：=remember sb. to sb.

造句：Please give my best regards to your parents. 请带我向你父母表示问候。

regardless of不顾,不考虑

regardless原始涵义：

adj. 不注意的，粗心的 adv. 不顾 She is determined to do regardless of all consequences. 她不顾一切后果，决心这样做。

同义替换：=without worrying about, despite, in spite of

真题重现：

These were stores anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. 这些是无论阶级或背景，任何人都可以进入的商店。(2006阅读)

造句：All our proposals were rejected, regardless of their merits. 我们所有的建议都遭到拒绝，不管这些建议的价值如何。

in /with relation to 关于, 有关

relation原始涵义：

关系，亲戚，联系，陈述，参考 Relation between the two countries has reached a crisis point.两国关系已达到出现危机的地步。

同义替换：= in regard to

真题重现：

All the information we have collected in relation to that case adds up to very little. 我们收集到的关于那个案件的信息很少。 (1993词汇)

造句：I have a lot to say in relation to that affair. 关于那件事,我有好多话要说。

relevant to 与…有关的

relevant原始涵义：

adj. 相关的，切题的，中肯的 She gobbled up all the relevant information. 她如饥似渴地收集一切有关的信息。

同义替换：=related to

真题重现：

Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them.你的幽默必须与听众有关，应该使他们感到你是他们中的一员。 (2002阅读)

造句：The essay isn’t even remotely relevant to the topic. 这篇文章毫不切题。

to one’s relief 令…感到放心的是

relief原始涵义：

减轻，解除，救济(品), 安慰，浮雕，对比 It is a great relief to have rain after a long time of drought.长期的乾旱之后有雨是一大慰藉。

同义替换：=to set one’s mind at rest

造句：To his mother’s relief, Tom had perfectly recovered from his illness. 让妈妈欣慰的是，汤姆已经完全从病中康复。

relieve…of… 解除,解脱;帮助拿,辞退

relieve原始涵义：

减轻，救济，解除 The route was designed to relieve traffic congestion.这条路是为缓解交通拥挤而开辟的。

同义替换：=be taken over

造句：The general was relieved of his command. 将军被解除了指挥权。

rely on 依靠, 信赖

rely原始涵义：

依靠，依赖 They have to rely on the river for their water.他们用水只好依靠这条河。

同义替换：=depend on=count on

真题重现：

I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database. (2004阅读)

造句：We are relying on your decision. 我们相信你的判断。

remark on(upon) 对…发表评论

remark原始涵义：

评论，备注，注意 v. 评论，注意到 The editor remarked that article was well written.编者评论说那篇文章写得很好。

同义替换：=comment on

造句：The similarity between them has often been remarked on. 他们之间很相似，这是常有人提到的事。

remedy for 对…治疗法, 补救, 药物

remedy原始涵义：

药物，治疗法，补救 vt. 治疗，补救，矫正 Is there a sovereign remedy for this condition?在这种情况下有没有万全之策?

同义替换：=provide relief for

造句：Patience is a remedy for every grief. 忍耐是治疗一切忧伤的良药。

remind sb. of 提醒某人…,使某人向想起

remind原始涵义：

提醒，使想起 Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。

同义替换：=prompt

造句：Your sister reminds me of a good friend of mine.你姐姐使我想起一位好友。

in good repair处于良好状态; be under repair 在修理中

repair原始涵义：

修理，修补，补救 n. 修理，修补，补救，维修工作，维修状态 How can I repair the wrong I have done her?我冤枉了她，怎样才能补救呢？

同义替换：= in good condition

造句：The government keeps the roads in good repair. 政府使道路保持在良好状态。

reply to 答复, 回答

reply原始涵义：

回答，答复，回应 n. 答复，回答 What a sage reply you gave!多聪明的回答啊！

同义替换：=answer

造句：I want to reply to the person’s request. 我想要回复那人的请求。

588.beyond reproach不受责备的;beyond(all) reason毫无道理;beyond question毫无疑问;beyond belief以相信;beyond hope绝望

beyond原始涵义：

prep. 超出，远于，除 … 之外 It’s beyond me why he married her. 他怎么会娶了她，这我就不懂了。

同义替换：=

造句：

resort to 诉诸于.., 求助于… resort to force 诉诸于武力

resort原始涵义：

(度假)胜地，手段，凭借 vi. 诉诸，常去 You should have resorts to your parents.你应该求助于你的父母。

同义替换：=have recourse to

造句：I am sorry you have resorted to deception. 我很遗憾你竟用欺骗手段。

in/with respect to有关,关于

respect原始涵义：

尊敬，敬重; 关系，方面 vt. 尊敬，尊重; 关于，涉及 He commands the respect of all who know him well.所有了解他的人都对他非常尊敬。

同义替换：= concerning

真题重现：

The motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earthis interior.一个板块相对于另一个板块的运动不能简单地解释为板块相对于地球内部的运动。 (1998阅读)

造句：We are still unsettled with respect to their future plans. 对于他们有关未来的计划我们仍然心怀疑虑。

respond to 对…反应, 响应, 对(药)有效

respond原始涵义：

回答，答复，反应，反响，响应 I invited her to dinner but she did not respond.我请她吃晚饭，但她未作回答。

同义替换：=react to

真题重现：

Anyone who has Spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond to the same situation. 和小孩待过的人都知道男孩和女孩对同一情形的反应是不一样的。(1991词汇)

造句：People respond to incentives. 人们会对激励做出反应。

in response to回答,反应

response原始涵义：

回答，响应，反应，答复 His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.他最初的反应是不同意。可是後来他改变了主意。

同义替换：= as an answer to

真题重现：

Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men.与男性相比，女性面对压力时特别容易出现忧郁、焦虑和紊乱。 (1994阅读)

造句：She laughed in response to his jokes. 他的话引起她大笑。

be response for 对…负责, 是造成…原因

同义替换：=

造句：

rest on/upon依靠,寄托

rest原始涵义：

adj. 其余的 n. 休息，其余的部分，支撑物 v. 搁(在), 休息，停留 Let the argument rest there, because we shall never agree. 让争论到此为止吧，因为我们永远不会意见一致。

同义替换：= be supported by

真题重现：

The efficiency of its agriculture and industry rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.工农业生产效率的提高有赖于各行各业科技人员的努力。 (2000翻译)

造句：The decision must rest on principle. 做出决定要讲原则。

rest with在…手中, 是…的责任; 由…决定; 依靠

同义替换：= be in hand of

造句：It appears that the responsibility should rest with the shipping company. 好像责任在于轮船公司。

restrain…from(=hold back from)抑制..不..

restrain原始涵义：

抑制，阻止，束缚，剥夺 He couldn’t restrain his curiosity.他抑制不住自己的好奇心。

同义替换：=prevent from

造句：He could hardly restrain himself from shouting aloud. 他难以控制自己大声喊了出来。

restrict…to把..限制于..

restrict原始涵义：

限制，约束 I restrict myself to smoking two cigarettes a day.我限定自己每天只抽两支烟。

同义替换：= keep within limits, confine

造句：Restrict your story to the facts.你讲的话必须符合事实。

result in 导致

result原始涵义：

结果，成绩，答案 vi. 产生，致使 If this football team doesn’t get a result tonight, they will be put down into a lower division.如果今晚这支足球队不能赢球，他们将会被降级。

同义替换：= cause

真题重现：

Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in disharmony and lack of unity in style.在相邻的房间中使用极为不同的装饰方案会导致风格上的不和谐及缺乏一致感。 (2001词汇)

造句：The flood resulted in a considerable reduction in production.这次水灾造成相当大的减产。
599. with the result that 其结果是

同义替换：= in consequence

造句：I was late, with the result that I missed my train.我迟到了, 因此我没能赶上火车。

in return (for) 作为报答; 以报答(for)

return原始涵义：

返回，归还，回报，回应 n. 返回，归还，（收益) 回报，Our investment accounts return a high rate of interest.我们的投资项目利润回报很高。

同义替换：=as a result of

真题重现：

Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had promised in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated.玻利瓦尔接受了海地的援助，并承诺在他解放的地区废除奴隶制，以此作为回报。

造句：I wish I could do something in return for the kindness I have received from him.我希望我能做点什么事来酬谢他。

get rid of 摆脱, 去掉, 除去

return原始涵义：

免除，摆脱，使… 获自由The man rid himself of debt. 他还清了债。

同义替换：=free from

造句：It is necessary to get rid of bureaucratic practices. 必须清除官僚习气。

602.be in the right正确的;in the wrong错误的

同义替换：=right/wrong

造句：He is in the right in this dispute. 在这场辩论中他是正确的。

be within one’s rights(to do) 有权(做)

right原始涵义：

右，右边，权利，正确I have the right to ask for an explanation.我有权要求一个解释。

同义替换：=have authority over

造句：
604. give rise to 引起, 导致

rise原始涵义：

升起，起身，上升n. 上升，增加，小山，斜坡I am reading a book about the riseand fall of the Roman Empire. 我正在看一本关于罗马帝国兴衰的书。

同义替换：= lead to

真题重现：

Your improper words will give rise to doubts concerning your true intentions. 你不合适的话语会导致大家对你真实意图的怀疑。 (1994词汇)

造句：Such conduct might give rise to misunderstanding.

这种行为可能会引起误解。

at the risk of冒…的风险

risk原始涵义：

风险，危险vt. 冒… 的危险 All the people who know this secret represent a security risk. 凡是知道这个秘密的人都对安全造成危险。

同义替换：=with danger of

造句：At the risk of sounding ungrateful, I must refuse your offer.

我甘受拂逆盛情之嫌，也必须谢绝你的提议。

run(take)risk of的风险

同义替换：= do sth dangerous

造句：You should know better than to run the risk of gambling.

你不会愚蠢到去冒赌博的危险吧.

rule out 排除

rule原始涵义：

规则，条例，统治v. 统治，支配，画直线Charles ruled England for 11 years. 查理一世统治英国11年。

同义替换：= exclude, eliminate

造句：Being on a budget does not mean that we rule out romance.我们节省开支并不意味着就没有浪漫。

in safety 安全地

safety原始涵义：

安全，保险vt. 保护The management took all reasonable safety precautions. 管理部门采取了一切合理的安全措施。

同义替换：=safely

造句：While you live in safety, consider unseen dangers. 居安应思危。

for the sake of为了…起见

sake原始涵义：

缘故，理由，目的，利益He is going to live by the coast for the sakeof his health. 他为了自己的健康，打算到海滨地区去居住。

同义替换：= for the good or advantage of

真题重现：

Our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education —not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. 学校是我们把孩子送去接受实用的教育，而不是为了知识而学知识的地方。 (2004阅读)

造句：It’s the company’s policy to sacrifice short-term profits for the sake of long-term growth. 为长期发展而牺牲短期利润是公司的方针。

be for sale 待售

sale原始涵义：

出售，卖，促销The local dress shop is having a sale.附近的时装店正在大拍卖。

造句：A rare collection of china will be up for sale next month. 有一批珍贵的瓷器将于下月出售。

on sale出售, 上市

同义替换：= offered to be sold

造句：Are these pants on sale? 这些裤子是特价吗?

be satisfied with 满意

satisfied原始涵义：

adj. 感到满意的 Both he and I are satisfied with the result. 我和他对结果都很满意。

同义替换：=content with

造句：We are satisfied with the smoothness of the negotiation. 我们对谈判的顺利进行很满意。

on a large scale 大规模地

scale原始涵义：

鳞，刻度，衡量，数值范围v. 依比例决定，攀登The force of the wind is measured on a standard scale of 0-12. 风力是按0-12级标准等级测量的。

同义替换：= by wholesale

造句：We are seeing unemployment on a large scale. 我们现在正经历大规模的失业现象。

on schedule(=at the planned or exacted time)按时,准时;ahead of schedule提前; in advance预先;behind schedule落后于计划进度,晚于规定时间

schedule原始涵义：

时间表，一览表，计划vt. 安排，计划，预定，编制目录He was bidden to finish the work on schedule. 我要他按时完成工作。

造句：He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind.他原本能按预定进度做完这件事的，但不知怎地却落后了。

be schedule for 定在某时(进行)

同义替换：= be planed for

造句：These rich deposits are scheduled for large-scale extraction in the future. 这些丰富矿藏计划将来进行大规模的开采。

scrape through(in) 勉强通过

scrape原始涵义：

刮掉，擦掉，刮擦声v. 刮掉，擦掉Scrape your shoes on the door mat before you come in. 进屋前先在门口擦鞋垫上擦一擦鞋子。

同义替换：= squeeze through

真题重现：

造句：The bars of the fence are so close together that I don’t know how our dog is able to scrape through them.栅栏很密，我真不知道我们的狗是怎么挤过去的。

from scratch从头开始

scratch原始涵义：

抓痕，抓的声音，乱写，起跑线v. 搔痒，抓，抹掉adj. 发痒的，潦草的，拼凑的 The famine is so bad, aid can only scratch the surface. 饥荒十分严重，援助也只是杯水车薪。

同义替换：= from the beginning

造句：I know nothing about this trade so I have to start from scratch.我对这个行业一无所知，所以我得从头做起。

in search of 寻找;in honor of 为了…表示敬意;in memory of 为纪念..;in hopes of为期待..;in pursuit of 为追求..;in behalf of为…的利益;in favor of 为赞成…;in support of 为支持…

return原始涵义：

同义替换：=

真题重现：

造句：
619. in season 旺季

season原始涵义：

季节，时节vt. 给… 调味，使适应，风干vi. 适应，变干 Holiday prices are lower out of season. 在度假淡季，度假费用较低。

同义替换：=busy season, peak period

造句：Strawberries are cheaper when they’re in season. 草莓当令时便宜些。

in secret 秘密地; in private 私下

secret原始涵义：

adj. 秘密的，机密的 n. 秘密，奥秘 All the people who know this secret represent a security risk. 凡是知道这个秘密的人都对安全造成危险。

同义替换：= secretly/privately

造句：Few people have the opportunity to witness such illegal exchanges，for they are carried out in secret. 很少有人能看见这样的非法交易，因为它们都是秘密进行的。

senior to 比…年长; junior to 比…轻; superior to 比…更好; inferior to 比…差

return原始涵义：

同义替换：=

真题重现：

造句：
622. in a sense 在某种意义上

sense原始涵义：

感觉，感官，理智，意义，侦测vt. 感觉，意识到，理解I’m afraid I haven’t got a very good sense of directions, so I easily get lost. 恐怕我的方位感很差，因此我容易迷路。

同义替换：= in some respects, in a way

造句：In a sense, the man was blinded by the light of his success.从某种意义上讲，那个男人已经被成功的喜悦冲昏了头脑。

sensitive to 对…敏感; sensible (of)觉察到的; sensational耸人听闻的

return原始涵义：

同义替换：=

真题重现：

造句：
624. in sequence 按顺序, 按先后次序

sequence原始涵义：

顺序，连续，次序，序列，一系列vt. 按顺序排好We will deal with events in historical sequence. 我们将按照历史上的先后顺序研究这些事件。

同义替换：= in order

造句：The lights around the square were turned off in sequence.广场周围的照明灯被逐一熄灭了。

share in分摊, 分担

share原始涵义：

部份，股份，分担，犁头vt. 分享，共有，分配vi. 分享 If you want a share of the pay, you’ll have to do your fair share of the work. 要是你想得到一份报酬，你就必须做好你该分担的那一份工作。

同义替换：= have a share in

造句：He shared in my sorrows as well as in my joys. 他分担我的悲伤也分享我的快乐。

share sth. with 与…分享,分担,分摊,共用

share原始涵义：

分享，共有，分配Children should be taught to sharetheir toys. 应该教育孩子们分享玩具。

同义替换：= use jointly or in common

造句：He would share his last pound with me. 他要是剩下最後一镑也会和我分著用。

be shocked at /by 对…感到震惊

shock原始涵义：

震动，震惊，冲击v. 使震动，使震惊，震动The violence and bad language in the program shocked many of the viewers. 节目中的暴力场面和难听的粗话使许多观众感到震惊。

同义替换：=be astonished at

造句：People were all shocked at her godlike beauty. 所有的人都震惊于她天仙般的美貌。

fall short of 达不到

short原始涵义：

adj. 短的，矮的 adv. 短暂地，突然地

同义替换：=fail to satisfy

真题重现：

The official statistics on productivity growth fall short of businessmen’s anticipation.官方关于生产增产的统计没有达到商人们的预测。(1998阅读)

造句：His behaviour falls short of accepted standards. 他的行为没达到公认的标准。

go short of缺乏

同义替换：= be without enough of

造句：No old person should have to go short of coal to heat their home in the winter. 冬天，老年人都应该有足够的煤温暖他们的家。

for short为简便,简称

同义替换：= in a short form

造句：My name is William，and you can call me Will for short. 我叫威廉，你叫我威尔好了。

in short简称

同义替换：= in a few words, in brief

真题重现：

Venus is the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. In short , it seems to justify its long held nickname of “earth’s twin”. (1990 阅读)

造句：In short, it keeps us asleep. 简而言之，它让我们保持在昏睡中。

in short supply 供应不足

同义替换：=under-supply

真题重现：

If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up. 如果产品供不应求，那么其价格就会被抬高。 (1994阅读)

造句：These goods are in short supply. 这些货物来源不充裕。

be short of 缺乏,不够

short原始涵义：

adj. 短的，矮的 adv. 短暂地，突然地 Go and get some more oil so we don’t run short. 去多弄些油来以免到时候用光了。

同义替换：= lacking enough

造句：All the time, as his parents expect him to do, he has been trying hard to save and not to be short of money.他始终按照父母期望的那样去做，一直努力节约，不缺钱。

be shy of 难为情, 不好意思

shy原始涵义：

adj. 害羞的，腼腆的，胆怯的 He was too shy to talk to anyone at the party. 在晚会上他很腼腆，没有和任何人讲话。

同义替换：=be ill at ease

造句：She is shy of strangers. 她对陌生人是害羞的。

at the side of 与…相比

side原始涵义：

旁边，边，侧面，方面She argued her sideof the case well. 她有理有据地陈述了自己的意见。

同义替换：=

造句：She then looks at the reverse side of the coin. 接著她看了看钱币的反面。

take the side of 站在…一边

side原始涵义：

旁边，边，侧面，方面I will be at your side, as I promised you.我会陪在你身边，就象我答应你的那样。

同义替换：=be on the side of

造句：America will take the side of brave men and women who advocate these values around the world – including the Islamic world – because we have a greater objective than eliminating threats and containing resentment. 美国将永远和世界上遵循这些价值观的勇敢的人们站在一起，包括伊斯兰世界，因为我们有着一个伟大的目标，这个目标胜过消除威胁和互相憎恨。

catch the sight of瞥见

catch原始涵义：

抓住，赶上，捕捉，领会n. 捕捉，捕获物，陷阱I don’t catch your meaning. 我不明白你的意思

同义替换：= see for a moment

造句：I catch sight of her out of the corner of my eye. 我用眼一瞟, 看见了她。

at the sight of 一看见…

sight原始涵义：

情景，景物，视力v. 看见，观测，瞄准All men are equal in the sight of God. 上帝对所有的人都一视同仁。

同义替换：=on seeing

造句：We laughed at the sight of his strange clothes. 一看到他古怪的穿着，我们就笑了。

(be)in sight 看得见 out of sight 看不见

return原始涵义：

同义替换：= in view, visible

真题重现：

There is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world’s population is in sight. 还没有任何迹象表明世界人口的增长有望减慢。 (1991阅读)

造句：Tom’s bag is there, but the man himself is nowhere in sight. 汤姆的包在那儿，但却没见到他本人。
640. know sb. by sight 与…只面熟

sight原始涵义：

情景，景物，视力v. 看见，观测，瞄准A suffering animal is a distressing sight. 看到动物受痛苦是很难受的。

造句：I know him by sight but have never spoken to him. 我见到他认识，但没同他讲过话。

on the sly偷偷地

sly原始涵义：

adj. 狡猾的，诡密的，偷偷摸摸的 Don’t trust him, he is a sly old fox. 别相信他，他像老狐狸一样狡猾。

同义替换：= secretly

造句：Even after I was married and had children of my own, dad would slip me money on the sly.即便后来我结了婚，有了自己的孩子，爸爸还是经常偷偷地塞给我一些钱。

smell of 有…的气味

smell原始涵义：

气味，嗅觉，嗅v. 嗅，闻，散发气味，有 … 气味The reporter began to smell a good story. 那记者意识到要有精彩的报道材料。

同义替换：=scent of

造句：You can smell the smell of cheese. 你能到乾酪的气味。

be sorry about/for 懊悔的,后悔的,难过的

sorry原始涵义：

adj. 对不起的，抱歉的，难过的，遗憾的 int. 对不起 I was sorry to hear that your cat had died. 听说你的猫死了，我觉得很难过。

造句：He was sorry for her and tried to cheer her up. 他为她感到难过，并试图使她振作起来。

speak ill of 说…的坏话; speak well of 说…的好话

speak原始涵义：

说话，讲，演说，发言I’m quite capable of speakingfor myself, thank you! 我还是有能力把话说清楚的，谢谢你吧。

同义替换：=say bad things about

造句：We should not speak ill of others behind their backs. 我们不应该在背后说别人的坏话。

specialize in 专门研究, 专攻

specialize原始涵义：

专门研究，专攻，使 … 特殊化vi. 专攻，特殊化This shop specializes in chocolates. 这个商店专门出售巧克力。

同义替换：=major in

造句：He specializes in oriental history. 他专门研究东方史。

in spite of 尽管

spite原始涵义：

恶意，怨恨vt. 刁难，伤害I’m sure he took my parking space just to spite me. 我认为他侵占我的停车位肯定是有意和我作对。

同义替换：= despite

真题重现：

In spite of “endless talk of difference” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.尽管总是有关于差异的言论，美国社会却是同化人的神奇机器。 (2006阅读)

造句：I went shopping in spite of the rain. 尽管下雨，我还是出去买东西了。

on the pot(=at the place of the action)在现场, 在出事地点; 或(=at once) 立即

pot原始涵义：

盆,罐,壶,坩埚,奖杯vt. 装入盆中,在锅中煮,近距离射击vi. 射击 The unusual shape of this pot dates it at about A. D. 400. 我们凭这只壶罕有的外形推测它大约制于公元400年左右。

同义替换：= at the place of the action; at once

take a stand against 采取某种立场反对 take a stand for 采取某种立场支持…

stand原始涵义：

站立,站住,停顿,讲台,看台,立场vi. 站,立,坐落,停滞,位在It stands for Central Intelligence agency. 它代表中央情报局。

同义替换：=oppose

造句：We have to take a clear-cut stand against this adverse current. 现在我们要顶住这股逆流，旗帜要鲜明。

stare at 目不转睛地看, 凝视, 盯着

stare原始涵义：

注视,凝视,瞪视,显眼vt. 盯n. 凝视 An elderly woman at the next table tried to stare me down. 邻桌的一位老妇人想把我盯视得坐立不安。

同义替换：=gaze on

造句：Everyone stupidly turned to stare at us. 每个人都傻了吧唧地开始盯着我们。

in step 步伐一致; out of step 步伐不齐

step原始涵义：

步骤,步,步幅He is taking preliminary steps to solve the problem.他正采取初步的步骤来解决问题。

造句：They walked in step across the yard with their arms around each other’s waist. 他们搂着彼此的腰一起穿过院子。

stick sth. on 把…贴在…上

stick原始涵义：

插于，刺入，竖起 vi. 钉住，粘贴，坚持 Someone has sticked a label on the crate.有人在板条箱上贴了标签。

同义替换：=paste sth. on

造句：Just stick stamps on all those letters. 就把邮票粘在这些信封上。

stick to 粘着, 坚持

stick原始涵义：

插于，刺入，竖起 vi. 钉住，粘贴，坚持 A cobbler should sticktohis last. 各守各业，各守本分。

同义替换：=insist on

造句：He sticks to his own opinion. 他固执己见。

stick at继续勤奋地致力于…;stick one’s work 坚持工作; stick at one’s books 勤奋读书

同义替换：= continue to work hard at

造句：He will stick at his books till midnight. 他会坚持看书到深夜。

stick to (=refuse to leave or change)坚持; stick to one’s promise 比喻食言 stick to one’s friend 忠于朋友

stick原始涵义：

钉住，粘贴，坚持 I can’t stick it any more.我再也不能忍受了。

真题重现：

People in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards.小城镇的人们仍然固守着旧的规则。 (1991阅读)

造句：We must stick to our policy. 我们必须坚持我们的政策。

in stock 有….货

stock原始涵义：

存货，储备 The store took stock on Monday.那家商店每逢星期一进行盘点。

同义替换：= available for use or sale

造句：We don’t have that color in stock this is the nearest. 我们的现货中没有那种颜色–这是最近似的。

be strict with 对…严格要求

strict原始涵义：

adj. 严格的，精确的，完全的 There are strict controls on immigration into this country. 移民到这个国家有严格的限制。

同义替换：=demand highly

造句：Our manager is very strict with us. 我们的经理对我们要求很严格。

Be/go on strike 罢工

strike原始涵义：

罢工，打击，殴打 v. 打，撞，罢工，划燃 The union struck for better work conditions.工会为争取更好的工作条件而罢工。

同义替换：=strike

造句：The forces were sent to keep back the throngs on strike. 军队被派去阻止罢工的群众。

subject…to使受..到 subject (adj.) to 易受到…的

subject原始涵义：

adj. 服从的，易患的 Trains are subject to delay(s) after the heavy snowfalls. 一下大雪火车就往往误点。

同义替换：= cause…to experience

真题重现：

In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation. 另外，某个公司用来评估这些关系的计算机程序可能申请了专利，不接受同行的评论或外界的评估。 (2009阅读)

造句：We are subject to many influences. 我们都受著多方的影响。

submit…to 提交

submit原始涵义：

呈送，递交，主张 vt. 使服从，屈服 vi. 屈从; 忍受 Please submit your application form in quadruplicate.请交申请表一式四份。

同义替换：=refer…to

造句：We should submit our plans to the council for approval. 我们应该向理事会提交计划以求批准。
660. substitute…for 以…代替…

substitute原始涵义：

代替者，代用品 vt. 用 … 代替，代以，代替 We substituted a red ball for blue to see if the baby would notice.我们用红皮球换下了蓝皮球，看这婴儿会不会发觉。

同义替换：=replace

造句： The coach substituted Smith for Jones. 教练让史密斯上场，换下了琼斯。

suffer from 患…病; 受…苦痛

suffer原始涵义：

遭受，忍受，允许 vi. 受苦，患病，受损失 They suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.他们在经济危机时遭受了巨大的损失。

同义替换：=smart under

真题重现：

Having been isolated on a remote island, with little work to occupy them, the soldiers suffered from boredom and low spirits.战士们待在一个偏僻的孤岛上，与世隔绝，无所事事，他们因无聊而痛苦，情绪低落。 (2000词汇)

造句：Billions of people suffer from water shortage in the world.世界上有数十亿人在经受着缺水之苦。

be suitable for 合适…的

suitable原始涵义：

adj. 合适的，适宜的 All the students are assigned to suitable jobs. 所有的学生都分到了合适的工作。

同义替换：= fit

造句：What time is suitable for us to meet? 我们什么时候会面合适？

in sum 大体上, 总之

sum原始涵义：

总数，金额，顶点，概略，一笔钱 v. 总计，概括 I had to spend a large sum of money to get it back.我得花一大笔钱才把它弄回来。

同义替换：=in the main; on the whole

造句：In sum, parents are afraid of children’s access to the Internet pornography(色情). 总而言之，父母们都担心孩子们登录色情网站。

supply sb. with sth 向某人提供某物

supply原始涵义：

补给，供给，供应，贮备 vt. 补给，供给，提供，补足 The merchant supplies goods to them.商人向他们供应货物。

同义替换：=provide sb. with sth.

造句：They supply us with latest equipment. 他们向我们提供最新的装备。

superior to 优于…, 比…好

superior原始涵义：

上级，高手，上标 adj. 上层的，上好的，出众的，高傲的 He smiled a superior smile as he drove past in his expensive new car.他开着那辆豪华的新车驶过时，傲慢的微微一笑。

同义替换：=better than

真题重现：

This watch is superior to all the other watches on the market.这只手表胜过市场上出售的所有其他手表。 (1991词汇)

造句：He is superior to his brother in mathematics. 他的数学比他兄弟好。

in support of 以便支持

support原始涵义：

支持，援助，供养 vt. 支援，帮助，支持 He needs a high income to support such a large family.他需要有高收入才能供养得起这样一个大家庭。

同义替换：=stand up for

造句：She spoke in support of the project. 她发言支持这项计划。

be sure of 确信的

sure原始涵义：

adj. 确信的，肯定的 adv. 当然，确实地，无疑地 She is sure to pass the examination. 她一定会通过考试。

同义替换：= have no doubt; certain

造句：I left a message so as to be sure of contacting her. 我留下了张条子以便与她取得联系。

for sure /certain肯定地.有把握地说

certain原始涵义：

adj. 确定的，必然的，特定的 pron. 某几个，某些 It’s certain that every effect must have a cause. 无疑，每个结果必定有其原因。

同义替换：= certainly, definitely

真题重现：

No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year 2001. 没有人确切知道到2001年世界将会是什么样子。 (1990完形)

造句：I can’t say for certain when he will arrive. 我说不准他什么时候会来。
669. make sure about 弄清, 弄确实

sure原始涵义：

adj. 确信的，肯定的 adv. 当然，确实地，无疑地He is clever, to be sure, but not very hard-working. 他聪明是聪明，但是不怎么勤奋。

同义替换：=make clear; understand fully

造句： Make sure about the data source. 弄清楚数据来源。

be surprised at对..惊奇; take…by surprise使…惊奇; to one’s surprise使某人惊奇

surprise原始涵义：

惊奇，诧异，惊讶，突然袭击 vt. 使惊奇，使诧异，奇袭 The news greatly surprised them.这消息使他们大为吃惊。

造句：He is surprised at her words. 他听到她的话感到很吃惊。

suspect sb. of 疑心某人犯有…

suspect原始涵义：

嫌疑犯 adj. 令人怀疑的，不可信的 v. 怀疑，猜想 They suspected an ambush.他们怀疑有埋伏。

同义替换：=hold sb. in suspicion

造句：Many of judges suspect her of murder . 许多法官都怀疑她谋杀。

be suspicious of对…有疑心

suspicious原始涵义：

adj. 可疑的，多疑的 If you see anything suspicious, inform the police at once. 你要是看到什么可疑的东西就马上通知警察。

同义替换：= not trusting

造句：I am suspicious of his intentions. 我怀疑他的用意。

by sympathetic to/towards对…同情,赞同

sympathetic原始涵义：

adj. 同情的，共鸣的 You’ve got to be firm, but at the same time you must be sympathetic. 你态度要强硬，但还必须有同情心。

同义替换：=go along with

造句：He is sympathetic to the project. 他赞成该项计划。

sympathize with sb. or sth. 对…表示同情

sympathize原始涵义：

同情，同感 I know you feel angry, and I sympathize.我知道你感到愤怒，我也有同感。

同义替换：=have compassion on

造句：I sympathize with you; I’ve had a similar unhappy experience myself. 我很同情你，我自己也有过类似的不幸遭遇。

be in sympathy with 赞同,同情

sympathy原始涵义：

同情，同情心，同感，赞同，慰问 The story stirred her sympathy.这故事激起了她的同情心。

同义替换：=approve of; hold with

真题重现：

You are in sympathy with their point of view. 你的观点和他们的一致。

造句：I’m sure she will be in sympathy with your proposal. 我确信她一定赞成你的建议。

taste of 有…味道

taste原始涵义：

味道 The medicine has a bitter taste.这药有苦味。

造句：This soup tastes of chicken. 这汤里有鸡肉的味道。

in good taste大方,得体;(反意)in bad taste

return原始涵义：

同义替换：=

真题重现：

造句：
678. to(one’s) taste 合…的口味, 中意

taste原始涵义：

味道，品味，味觉，尝试 v. 品尝，尝试，有 … 味道的 She has good taste in clothes.她对服装有很好的审美眼光。

同义替换：=take one’s fancy; take a liking to; to one’s liking

造句：Every man to his taste. 人各有所好。

tell…from 辨别.认出

tell原始涵义：

告诉，讲述，吩咐，辨别 vi. 讲述，告诉，产生效果，告发 It’s impossible to tell who will win the next election.下届选举谁能获胜无法预知。

同义替换：= recognize

造句：It’s difficult to tell Jean from Joan; they look so alike. 琴和琼很难分得出来，她们长得太像了。

in terms of 按照, 根据, 在…方面

terms原始涵义：

(复)措辞，条件 The terms of the contract are subject to review.合同的条款有待复查决定。

同义替换：= with regard to; respectively

真题重现：

Washington. DC has dropped out of the top ten in the U.S. in terms of population. 在美国，华盛顿的人口数量已经退在十位以下了。(1998 阅读)

造句：It was a bad year for films, in terms of both quantity and quality. 今年的电影无论从数量上还是质量上都说不上好。

be on good/bad terms with 关系好(不好)

terms原始涵义：

(复)措辞，条件 I told him in no uncertain termsto mind his own business.我直截了当地叫他别管闲事。

同义替换：=on speaking terms

造句：We have been on good terms with our neighbors for all these years.这么多年来我们一直和邻居关系很好。

thank sb. for sth. 因…感谢某人

thank原始涵义：

感谢，谢谢 n. 谢意，感谢 I’d like to take this opportunity to thankeveryone for their hard work on the project.我愿借此机会感谢每一位为这个项目辛勤工作的人。

同义替换：=express gratitude=show appreciation to

造句：Thank you for everything.感谢你做的一切。

think of想到;考虑;想起

think原始涵义：

想，认为，考虑，记起 n. 想 You can’t thinkhow glad I am to see you.你无法想象我是多么高兴见到你。

同义替换：= have the idea of; consider; remember

造句：I know her name, but I just can’t think of it at the moment. 我知道她叫什么名字，可现在就是想不起来。

on second thoughts 经再三考虑之后

thoughts原始涵义：

思维 I tried to collect my thoughtsbut I was too excited.我试图使思想集中起来，但是我太激动了。

同义替换：=after much deliberation

造句：On second thoughts, we decided to adopt your proposal.经过重新考虑，我们决定采纳你的提案。

be through with 做好,完成

through原始涵义：

adv. 穿越，完全 prep. 经过，穿过，凭借 adj. 完成的，完结的; 贯穿的，直通的 How soon will you be through? 您要用多长时间打完电话？

同义替换：= finish with

造句：Are you through with your work? 你的工作完成了吗?

at one time 过去一度, 以前曾经

time原始涵义：

时间，次数，倍 Only timewill tell if you are right.只有时间才能证明你是否正确。

同义替换：=once

造句：At one time he was a good young man，but now he is in jail. 他曾经是个挺不错的小伙子，可惜现在进了监狱。

behind the times (思想,看法)落后于时代
behind time (=late) 迟到, 晚点

同义替换：behind the times=out of date; behind time =late

造句：Without newspaper, we would get behind the times. 要不是报纸，我们都赶不上时代了。

for the time being暂时

同义替换：= temporarily

真题重现：

BBC will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being. 英国广播公司将作为一个由公众投资的广播组织存在下去，至少目前是这样。(1996阅读)

造句：He could undertake the work for the time being. 他暂时能承担这项工作。

in time(for)及时 on time 准时

同义替换：in time(for) =early or soon enough; on time =punctually

造句：In time, all Sam’s money was paid back in this way. 最终，萨姆所有的钱都通过这种方式得到了偿还。
690. at no time 无论何时也不… in no time 立即,马上

同义替换：in no time =very quickly

造句：At no time has the country been more prosperous than at present.

我国任何时候都没有现在这样繁荣。

at times 间或, 时常 at all times始终, 总是

time原始涵义：

时间，次数，倍 I was toppled three timesand rehabilitated three times. 我是“三落三起”。

同义替换：at times =occasionally; at all times =always

造句：The ups and downs of life have left me battered and braised at times. 有时，生活的起起落落让我崩溃、伤痕累累。
692. at a time 一次, 每次; 同时

同义替换：=at once, at one time

造句：If only problems would come one at a time! 要是问题一次只发生一个该多好！

on top of 在…上面

top原始涵义：

顶，顶部 adj. 最高的，顶端的 I live on the topfloor.我住在顶层。

同义替换：=above

造句：David was busy jumping up and down on top of the car, waving good-bye to the company.大卫忙着在车顶上跳着，向同伴们挥手告别。
694. in total 总计

total原始涵义：

adj. 总的，全体的，完全的 n. 总数，合计 v. 总计，共计 Add this numbers together and give me the total. 把这些数字加起来，告诉我总数是多少。

同义替换：= all have been added up

造句：How many suspects are there in total? 犯罪嫌疑人共有几个?

be in touch with 与…有接触, 有联系 be out of touch with 与…没有联系或接触

touch原始涵义：

触觉，接触，少许，痕迹，修饰 vt. 触摸，吃，喝，触及，感动vi. 接触，联系 They keep close touchwith me.他们和我保持密切联系。

同义替换：=contact with

造句：We are always in touch with them. 我们经常与他们联络。

be true of适合于…的;be true to 忠于…

true原始涵义：

adj. 真实的，真的 She gave the true account of what had happened. 她如实地讲述了发生的事情。

同义替换：=be fit for

造句：The same is true of economic cooperation. 经济协作也是这个道理。

to trust …to 把…委托给

trust原始涵义：

委托，相信 I trusthis discretion absolutely.我完全相信他的判断。

同义替换：=entrust with

造句：Don’t trust to chance. 不要碰运气。

place (put, have) trust in 依赖

trust原始涵义：

信任，信托 vi. 信任 Can you trusthis account of what happened?你能相信他对发生的事情所做的报告吗？

同义替换：=confide in

造句：They didn’t place their trust in the information received from the girl. 他们并不相信这女孩提供的信息。

in truth 事实上, 实在

truth原始涵义：

真像，真实，真理，事实 They were waiting with assurance for me to discover the truthfor myself.他们自信地等待我自己发现事实真相。

同义替换：=in reality

造句：The ugly beggar was in truth the king of the kingdom. 丑陋的乞丐实际上是该国的国王。

by turns 轮换地

同义替换：=turn about

turn 原始涵义：

& vi. (使)转动, 旋转The wheels were turning swiftly.轮子飞快地转动着。
使折起, 使翻转He could turn a bar of steel. 他能把钢条扭弯。

造句：

She talked to Elizabeth again and again, coaxed and threatened her by turns.

in turn 依次

同义替换：=successively= in order

造句：

They answered the teacher’s questions in turn.

be typical of 是…的特点

同义替换：= be characterized by

typical 原始涵义：

adj. 典型的, 有代表性的 Botswana is not a typical African country.博茨瓦纳并不是典型的非洲国家。

真题重现：

Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. 战后，日本的生产力与和谐的社会状态是美国和欧洲所羡慕的，其发展过程基本上都是目标明确的。 (2000阅读)

造句：

A poem or essay may be typical of its period in idea or ideal content.

for use 以便使用

use 原始涵义：

使用; 利用, 运用May I use your knife for a while?我用一下你的小刀行吗?n. 其他读音：[ju:s] 使用, 应用, 得到利用For use only in case of fire!只供火警时用！

造句：

A telephone line connected to a computer for use by terminals.

be in use (=be used)被使用; be out of use (=be on longer used)不再被使用

同义替换：be in use (=be used); be out of use (=be on longer used)

造句：

The line is in use.电话占线

The railway station is out of use.这个火车站已经不再用了。

be used to+名词或动名词习惯于used to+动词原形过去常常(做)

造句：

She is used to air travel.她习惯于空中旅行。

John used to smoke.约翰过去吸烟。

be unprepared for 对…无准备的

unprepared 原始涵义：

adj. 无准备的,即席的,尚未准备好的The global economy is unprepared for this transformation.全球经济还没做好迎接这种变革的准备。

造句：

I was totally unprepared for the announcement on the next day.

in vain 徒劳

同义替换： =uselessly

vain 原始涵义：

adj. 自负的; 爱慕虚荣的 She is one of those vain people who never take others’ advice.她属于那种自负得从不听别人劝告的人。徒劳的, 无用的, 无效的 He made a vain attempt to reach the drowning child.他试图接近那个快淹死的小孩, 但没有成功。

造句：

The worker tried to fix me machine，but in vain. 工人想修好机器，但是没有成功。

be valid for 对…有效的

同义替换：= be active against

valid 原始涵义：

adj. .正当的, 有充分根据的, 符合逻辑的 Do you have valid reasons for your absence?你的缺席有正当理由吗?His excuse was not valid.他的借口靠不住。.有效的 He has a valid passport.他的护照有效。

造句：

Your tickets will be valid for 10 days.

in the vicinity 在附近; in close vicinity to 在靠近…的地方; in the vicinity of 大约

同义替换：in the vicinity=close to；in close vicinity to=next to；in the vicinity of=about

vicinity 原始涵义：

近, 接近, 密切.附近, 邻近He told us there was no hotel in the vicinity.

他告诉我们说附近没有旅馆。

造句：

He is in the vicinity of fifty

with a view to +动名词以…为目的

同义替换：=in order to do sth.

view 原始涵义：

看The speaker stood in full view of the crowd.演讲者站在大家都能看得到的地方。视力; 视野, 视线My view of the harbour was blocked by the new building.新大楼挡住了我的视线, 使我看不见港口。

造句：

He has bought land with a view to building a house.

in view 看得见

同义替换：=in sight

造句：

Tom’s bag is there, but the man himself is nowhere in view.

in view of 考虑到… in the view of 按…的意思

同义替换：in view of =considering

造句：

In view of his health，we don’t want him to go camping with us.

by /in virtue of 由于…; 依靠…力量

同义替换：=as a result of= by means of

virtue 原始涵义：

美德, 优秀品质，良好习惯，德行，高尚的道德，正直的品性Among her many virtues are loyalty, courage, and truthfulness.她有许多的美德, 如忠诚、勇敢和诚实。优点, 长处，用处The chair has the virtue of being adjustable.这种椅子具有可调节的优点

造句：

This is also explainable in virtue of the explanatory power that speech act theory has in describing conversational sequencing.

a warning against 告诫…不要a warning of 警告…存在…

warning原始涵义：

发出警告;受到告诫He gave a warning.他提出了警告。

adj. 警告的;告诫的;引为戒的 The policeman fired a warning shot.那警察鸣枪警告。

造句：

The accident served as a warning of what may happen.

(be) on the watch for不断监视看有没有..(be) on the watch against不断监视为防范…

watch 原始涵义：

& vi. 看, 观察She sat there watching, but said nothing.她坐在那里看着, 但没说什么。n. 看管 Keep a close watch on everything that happened on the island.密切注视岛上发生的一切事情。

造句：

The customs officials were on the watch for smuggled whisky.

be in the way 碍事, 阻碍

同义替换：=obstructive

真题重现：

Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was actually in the way. 虽然他认为自己是在帮我们做饭，但实际上他碍手碍脚的。 (1992词汇)

造句：

The chair is in the way . let us move it.

(be)under way正进行

同义替换：=moving forward

造句：

Negotiations are under way.

by way of 经由,取道

同义替换：=by going through

造句：

He came by way of Shanghai.

by the way顺带地(转移话题)

同义替换：=in addition

造句：

By the way, what are the charges?

in no way 无论怎样也不…

同义替换：= in no circumstances

真题重现：

Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people would in no way be able to walk.如果没有脚和地面的摩擦，人根本就无法行走。 (1994词汇)

造句：

I am in no way disappointed.

in the way 对…方式;碍手碍脚

真题重现：

Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was actually in the way. 虽然他认为自己是在帮我们做饭，但实际上他碍手碍脚的。 (1992词汇)

造句：

The travelers wandered in the way.

in a way 从某种程度上说

同义替换：= to some extent

造句：

In a way，I think you may be right.

as a whole 就整体而论

同义替换：=in general

whole 原始涵义：

adj. 齐全的, 整体的, 全部的, 完全的, 所有的 The whole village was attacked with influenza.整个村子的人都得了流行性感冒。

齐全, 整体, 全部The whole of my money was stolen.我全部的钱都被偷走了。

造句：

I analyzed his words as a whole.

on the whole 大体上说

同义替换：=generally=for the most part

真题重现：

On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence. 总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定把握的。

(1992翻译)

造句：

Economics, on the whole, disagrees.

against one’s will 违心地, 违背意愿地at will 随心所欲; with a will 有决心地

will 原始涵义：

& vi. 〈旧〉愿意, 希望, 想要Go where you will.你愿意上哪儿就上哪儿。
意志(力) Will can conquer habit.意志能战胜习惯。

造句：

With an air conditioner, you can enjoy comfortable temperatures at will. 有了空调，你就可以随意享受宜人的温度。

wish for 渴望某物;hope for 想要某物

同义替换：= crazy for

真题重现：

Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.每天花一定的时间寻找你想要的工作，并且牢记：现在，找工作就是你的工作。 (1996阅读)

造句：

I abide by\obey\am faithful to what I said.

“with+名词+分词” 构成复合结构,作状语
word for word 逐字地

同义替换：=literally

word 原始涵义：

字; 单词How many letters are there in the word “struggle”?struggle这个单词有多少个字母?(说的)话, 话语, 言语He didn’t say a word about it.他对这件事一句话都没说。

造句：

I remember word for word what you said to me.

in a word总之;in other words 换言之; have a word with sb.谈一谈; have words with sb.争吵;have the last word有决定权; keep one’s word 遵守诺言

同义替换：in a word=in conclusion=to sum up

have a word with sb.=talk with sb.

造句：

In a word，as I told you，he is fairly besotted. 总之，就像我跟你说过的一样，他愚蠢透顶。

In other words，men enter “female” jobs out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity that motivates anyone looking for work.换句话说，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其动机是同任何找工作的人一样，既出于个人兴趣，也出于经济上的考虑。

work out ideas 出主意;work out the amount of…计算出…的数量;work out a problem解决问题;work out a puzzle解谜

work out 原始涵义：

解决, 解答; 计算出 This problem will not work out.这个问题解答不了。产生结果; 发展 The plan worked out badly.计划进行不顺利。

造句：

One of your main responsibilities is to work out ideas.

at the thought of一想到…worry about担心

同义替换：at the thought of= at the idea of

造句：

Even he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. 然而，一想到他要做的，就连他自己都会不寒而栗。

at (the) worst 在最糟的情况下

worst 原始涵义：

adj. 最坏的, 最差的 She is the worst singer I know.

她是我所知道的最糟糕的歌手。

adv. 最坏地, 最恶劣地 Manufacturing industry was worst affected by the fuel shortage.燃料短缺制造业最受到影响。

造句：

I respected him. He was a worthy enemy at worst.

yield to 对…屈服,投降,让步,顺从

同义替换：= give up = surrender

yield 原始涵义：

& vi. 生产, 出产, 带来This land yields well.这块土地产量高。2.屈服, 放弃; 不再反对, 让出We shall never yield.我们绝不投降。
产量, 收益All these have helped raise farm yields steadily.所有这些都有助于农业产量的稳步提高。

造句：

We will never yield to force.

be worthy of值得,够得上, 配得上

同义替换：=be deserving of

Abide 原始涵义：

adj. 应得某事物; 值得做某事 There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。

造句：

He is worthy of our praise

链接：https://www.yyinn.net/202988.html

声明：本文内容由互联网用户自发贡献自行上传，本网站不拥有所有权，也不承担相关法律责任。如果您发现有涉嫌版权的内容，请发送邮件至: www.yyinn@163.com进行举报，并提供相关证据，一经查实，本站将立刻删除侵权内容。

考研必备！新东方考研英语词汇，绝密资料

新东方绝密考研资料：考研必备词组

发表回复

联系方式

考研必备！新东方考研英语词汇，绝密资料

新东方绝密考研资料：考研必备词组

相关推荐

健身运动有哪些项目？锻炼全身的24个动作

任正非的励志故事：一个馒头吃两天，做生意被坑200万

《爱莲说》拼音版（原文+翻译+赏析）

上林赋原文全篇古文（为什么写上林赋得心上人）

宝宝平安喜乐的乳名怎么取，含有幸运意义的小名~

发表回复

联系方式